22.2 Male and Female Sex Hormones Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 69 Topic: 22.2 Male and Female Sex Hormones Essential Question: How do hormones play a key role in the menstrual cycle? Text: 863-865, 875-876 22.2 Male and Female Sex Hormones How do hormones play a key role in the menstrual cycle?

Objective SWU: how hormones influence the male and female reproductive systems SW: compare the effects of testosterone and estrogen/progesterone in the male and female bodies

Human Reproduction Hormones play a key role in human reproduction

Human Reproduction Different hormones lead to the development of sexual dimorphism Different body forms of males and females

Male Sex Hormones Male hormones control the male reproductive functions: In charge of sperm cell production Oversee the development and maintenance of male sex characteristics

Male Sex Hormones Prior to ten years of age, the male body is reproductively immature: Body is childlike Spermatogenic cells of the testes are undifferentiated (haven’t become sperm)

P. 68 Male Sex Hormone: Testosterone Female Sex Hormone: Estrogen / Progesterone Estrogen: Progesterone:

Male Sex Hormones Testosterone Begins during fetal development and continues for several weeks after birth Ceases during childhood At puberty, testosterone production increases quickly Will become reproductively functional at this time Continues throughout lifetime

Male Sex Hormones Determines the development of male genitalia during embryonic development Penis, scrotum, glands and ducts Later will signal testes to descend Ensures development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty Enlargement of testes Body hair on face, chest, pubic region Enlargement of the larynx and thickening of the vocal cords (lowering pitch of voice) Increased muscular growth, broadening of shoulders, and narrowing of waist Thickening and strengthening of bones Maintains the sex drive of males throughout their lifetime Stimulates sexual activity

Female Sex Hormones Female hormones control the female reproductive functions: In charge of the maturation of female sex cells (eggs) Changes that occur during the monthly reproductive cycle

Female Sex Hormones Prior to ten years of age, the female body is reproductively immature: Body is childlike

Female Sex Hormones Estrogen: Primary source is from the ovaries Increases at puberty Causing enlargement of vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries and thickening of endometrium Ensures development of secondary sex characteristics during puberty Development of breasts and the mammary glands within the breasts Increased adipose (fat) tissue in the breasts, thighs, and buttocks Increased growth of hair in the pubic region

Progesterone and the Menstrual Cycle Causes the endometrium to become more vascular and glandular Stimulates uterine glands to secrete nutritious fluids to the endometrial tissue which provide a favorable environment for embryonic development

Menstrual Cycle The menstrual cycle prepares the ovaries for ovulation and the uterus for implantation Starts at puberty ends at menopause On average, 28 day cycle Purpose: to time the release of an egg or ovum (ovulation) for possible fertilization and later implantation into the inner lining of the uterus This implantation MUST occur when the uterine inner lining (the endometrium) is rich with blood vessels It will shed if no implantation occurs This breakdown leads to menstrual bleeding This is a sign no pregnancy occurred

Menstrual Cycle Low levels of progesterone and estrogen signal another menstrual cycle to begin There is no beginning or end of the menstrual cycle We designate the first day of the menstrual cycle as the first day of menstruation

Body Story: Teen Dreams 45m 31s Take at least 15 bullets *FOCUS ON SEX HORMONES DISCUSSED Which hormone? What did it do? What did you learn about male and female adolescent bodies that you didn’t know before (3) What are the major difference between the changes that males vs. females go through during puberty? (3) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGVPQF03tfI

Ovulation & the Menstrual Cycle (4m5s) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WGJsrGmWeKE