Changing locations: manufacturing Key Idea 4.5 Changing locations: manufacturing Economic Activity and Energy Manufacturing Lesson 1 of 1

The Global Shift in Manufacturing Describe and explain global shifts in manufacturing Outline the factors affecting manufacturing location change.

Taboo Quaternary Industry High-tech Industry Raw materials Informal Sector Tertiary sector Bio-technology Science Parks Decentrali-sation China M4 Corridor Development pathway Disposable income

Explain what is meant by the “global shift in manufacturing”

Refer to Fig 4.14 Name a country that has lost manufacturing become a new centre of manufacturing

Mind map Create a mind map illustrating the causes of the global shift in manufacturing.

What factors affect the location of secondary industry?

T...... These companies ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ T........................... Now much faster ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ E.................... Due to the ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ Location factors C................................ because of speed and ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Footloose Industries .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. G............................... Incentives........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

TNCs These companies are locating in the cheapest and therefore most profitable locations. Transport Now much faster and cheaper, therefore distance is no longer as significant as it used to be. Location factors Governments Incentives to set up factories within their borders such as tax exemption. Energy Due to the National Grid system, electricity can be made available almost anywhere. Communication because of speed and efficiency of modern communications, a manufacturing company can keep in immediate touch with factories scattered in different countries. Footloose Industries Their location is no longer tied down to nearness of raw materials and market.

Case Study: M4 Corridor

Examination question High-tech companies locate along the M4 corridor; for example, Vodaphone has its head office in Newbury. Although they are relatively footloose as they do not need large amounts of raw materials, they still favour certain locations – easy access for the workforce, components and finished products are required. The M4 provides a direct route to Heathrow Airport and also links easily to the M5. There is also an intercity rail link from London to South Wales. They require a highly-skilled workforce and like to share ideas and knowledge. Therefore they locate near universities such as Reading or Bristol. An attractive environment is an advantage which is offered by the nearby Cotswolds.