World War II Conferences & The Results of World War II

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Presentation transcript:

World War II Conferences & The Results of World War II The Beginnings of the UN, the Cold War, and International Trade

Atlantic Charter Aug. 1941

Accomplished Post war world. “…all men in all lands may live out their lives in freedom from fear and want.” A system of “general security” (collective).

Casablanca Conference Jan. 1943

Accomplished Unconditional surrender of the Axis Powers.

Cairo Conference Nov. 1943

Accomplished Unconditional surrender of Japan. Chiang Kai-shek, Nationalist China leader (head of Kumintang). Independence of Korea.

Tehran Conference Dec. 1943

Accomplished Allied plans against Germany First for Big Three Soviet involvement against Japan. Iran’s independence.

Yalta Conference Feb. 1945

Accomplished European stability. Division of Germany. Prosecution of criminals Poland. UN. USSR against Japan.

Potsdam Conference July, 1945

Accomplished Atlee and Truman are new. Four power control over Germany. Disagreements over “spheres of influence”. Disagreements over Polish question, fate of Germany. Cold War begins.

Results of World War II Political: End of fascism, but still in Spain & Portugal Bipolar world Territorial changes: Russia gains Japan loses (occupied by USA) Italy loses Germany divided (occupied by four powers) Austria divided (as Germany) 1955 made whole

Economic Results: Cold War starts: UN created. Huge cost Western allies demobilize in Europe, but Soviets become an army of occupation not liberation UN created. Economic Results: Huge cost Economic cooperation: GATT/WTO/World Bank Marshall Plan / Truman Doctrine (Western Bloc) Comecon (Eastern Bloc) Cominform replaces Comintern

Military and Scientific Results Jet engine Rockets Atomic bomb Sonar/Radar Blood plasma Synthetic rubber Anti-biotics

Social/Political Results: Loss of lives The Jews Refugees The end of empires…this time we mean it. (France and Great Britain)

Nuremberg Trials November, 1945- September, 1946

List of Crimes War crimes: violations of laws of war. Crimes against peace: “…planning…waging a war of aggression in violation of int’l treaties…” Crimes against humanity: genocide. Conspiracy: leaders, organizers, etc responsible for acts performed by individuals.

In Germany 21 charged: 11 were executed 3 acquitted. 7 were given prison sentences

Tokyo Trials June, 1946 – November, 1948

In Japan: 25 major leaders tried: Other tribunals: 7 death sentences 18 prison sentences. Other tribunals: 5,000 tried Over 700 executed Yamashita precedent (standard): commanding officers are ultimately responsible for crimes committed by troops under their command. His crimes were committed in the Philippines.