Learning Targets Explain how cellular respiration converts stored chemical energy in food molecules to energy used by the organism to maintain life.   Distinguish key differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in the use of oxygen and energy production.

Cellular Respiration

 Respiration AND Respiration – the biochemical process that makes ATP from glucose Occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs.

 Respiration There are two types of respiration, AEROBIC and ANAEROBIC. Aerobic respiration requires OXYGEN to release energy. The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is: C6H1206 + 6O2  6H2O + 6CO2 + 36 ATP Glucose Oxygen Water Carbon Dioxide Energy

 Respiration Anaerobic respiration DOES NOT REQUIRE OXYGEN. (Also called FERMENTATION) Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration begin with the same process, glycolysis.

 Glycolysis Occurs in CYTOPLASM Means “split the sugar,”

 Glycolysis 2 Glucose Glycolysis

Mitochondria Double membrane outer membrane inner membrane highly folded cristae enzymes & transport proteins

Aerobic Respiration  Occurs in the MITOCHONDRIA Krebs Cycle: Occurs in Mitochondrial Matrix. Produces large quantity of electron carriers that will be used in the electron transport chain to power it. Electron Transport Chain: Occurs in cristae (folded inner membrane) of mitochondria. Produces water and 36 ATP.

 Aerobic Respiration Electron Transport Chain:

 Aerobic Respiration The end product of aerobic respiration is the production of 36 ATP MOLECULES and WATER.

Aerobic Respiration  2 36 Glucose Glycolysis Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport

Anaerobic Respiration  Anaerobic Respiration Occurs in the CYTOPLASM. Occurs in the absence of oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration  Anaerobic Respiration Lactic acid Fermentation- Lactic acid and CO2 are produced. Lactic acid can build up in muscles when they run out of oxygen and causes muscle soreness Alcoholic fermentation- Ethanol and CO2 are produced. Process used to make wine, beer, cheese, and bread Both processes result in the production of only 2 ATP MOLECULES.

Factors Affecting Respiration:  Factors Affecting Respiration: ATP concentration - the more ATP molecules available, the slower the rate of respiration.

Anaerobic Respiration  Anaerobic Respiration Glucose Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron transport 2 36 Fermentation (without oxygen) Alcohol or lactic acid