socialization Unit 3

SOCIALIZATION Process by which a society transmits its cultural values to its members Through this, you develop a personality Both nature AND nurture furthers our development Nature – what people inherit Nurture – what people are taught

SOCIALIZATION The role of heredity (nature) in determining level of intelligence is controversial – revolves around what’s inherited B/c we also hold the capacity for aptitude – ability to develop physical or social skills (like athletics)

ID, EGO, & SUPEREGO Freud says kids’ personalities consist of 3 parts: Video Freud says kids’ personalities consist of 3 parts: The id: part of personality that is irrational; seek pleasure The ego: part of personality that is rational, logically & realistic The superego: part of personality that is moral – our conscience

SIGMUND FREUD Freud is significant in 3 ways: 1. parents role in kid’s development 2. childhood experiences have great impact 3. assumption that superego—influence on personality—reflects society’s norms & values

LEARNING HOW TO BE “MASCULINE” OR “FEMININE” Kids develop their gender identities by observing and learning people’s social expectations on basis of their sex Patriarchal society: Males dominant over females Child care assigned primarily to mother By age 3, kids start to see themselves as individuals Video 

LOOKING-GLASS PROCESS Cooley says core of personality is concept of oneself, the self-image Self-image is developed through a mirror image, therefore we acquire a looking- glass self  we define ourselves based on others’ perceptions (We will watch a good film explaining this idea…”Secrets of the Wild Child”)

ROLE-TAKING PROCESS Like Cooley, George Mead said development is made through interactions Says we “get under the skin” of others by taking their role I vs. Me Stages The Me: Socialized aspect of the person; act according to how people treat you; is responsible for creating the “I” The I: Ego centered; personal attitude and reflection of the self; constructed as a result of the “me”

GEORGE MEAD’S IDEAS Mead says kids develop self-concept in 3 stages: 1. preparatory stage – 1st two years; kids imitate others, especially caregivers 2. significant others – about 3 yrs old; go through “play stage” (tell baby dolls not to be “naughty”) 3. generalized others –start playing “game stage” (doctor, nurse, teacher, etc.) Start to participate in sports & learn rules of society WATCH VIDEO FIRST 

PEER GROUPS As kids grow older, learn from peers: Independence from adults Social skills & group loyalties Values of friendship & companionship Negative: can socialize members to be isolationist from others

LEARNING NEW ROLES As we learn roles, we undergo 3 types of socialization: 1. anticipatory socialization = people learn to assume a role in the future, but idealism dies out 2. developmental socialization = people learn to be competent in playing currently assumed role; kids = son/daughters, adults = workers/husband, wife/parents

LEARNING NEW ROLES 3. resocialization = less common; people forced to abandon old self & create a new self (prisons, mental institutions, etc) These are total institutions – places where people are cut off from society & rigidly controlled Prison Gangs Video (1 hour) 