Section 3 – pg 196 A Time of Conflict Chapter 5 Section 3 – pg 196 A Time of Conflict

Defeating the Barbary States Pg 196 Defeating the Barbary States Trade with Europe was important to America’s economy After the American Revolution, pirates began attacking American ships in the Mediterranean Sea The pirates came from 4 diff countries: Morocco, Algiers, Tunisia, and Tripoli -> these states became known as the Barbary States

In response the Barbary States stopped raiding the European ships Pg 196 Barbary pirates raided European and American ships, taking property and enslaving sailors, holding them for ransom European gov’ts stopped this by paying the Barbary States tribute Tribute: money paid by one country to another in return for protection In response the Barbary States stopped raiding the European ships

For a while, the US was paying tribute too Eventually Jefferson decided to stop and instead send war ships to the Mediterranean Sea to protect American merchant ships For a while this went badly, the warship Philadelphia ran aground near the Tripoli coast and its 300 man crew was imprisoned To keep the pirates from using this ship a 60 sailors led by Stephen Decatur burned it down Pg 196

Pg 197 The next year a small force of American marines marched 500 miles across the Sahara and captured Tripoli This inspired a new wave of confidence in the ability of the US to deal forcefully with foreign powers

American Neutrality is Challenged Pg 197 American Neutrality is Challenged Once again France and Britain are at war, threatening American oversea trade B/c America stayed neutral they continued to trade with both countries Once again France and Britain began seizing American ships Between 1803 and 1807, France seized 500 American ships ad Britain seized more than 1,000 Britain also forced thousands Americans to serve in their navy

Jefferson Responds with an Embargo Pg 198 Jefferson Responds with an Embargo To force Britain and France to respect American neutrality Jefferson decided to use an embargo Embargo: a gov’t order that forbids foreign trade In 1807, Congress passed the Embargo Act that imposed a total embargo on American ships sailing to any port This did not go well: American exports fell from 109 million to 25 million in one year, price of crops fell hurting farmers, 10,000 people lost their jobs

Americans were outraged by the Embargo Act Pg 198 Americans were outraged by the Embargo Act Many turned to smuggling – the act of illegally importing or exporting goods Congress repealed the Embargo Act in 1809 and passed a law reopening foreign trade with every county except France and Britain It stated that the US would trade with those countries when they started respecting America’s trading rights as a neutral nation

Tecumseh and the Prophet Pg 199 Tecumseh and the Prophet After the Battle of Fallen Timbers, 10,000s of settlers moved westward Ohio became a state in 1803 The amount of settlers had a grave impact on the Native Americans Diseases such as measles, smallpox, and influenza killed thousands Settlers took over NA hunting grounds Game was driven away as farmers cleared the forests for planting The NA population fell and the power of their traditional leaders declined

New Leaders Take Charge Pg 200 New Leaders Take Charge The Shawnee people were hard hit by these developments After 1805, two Shawnee brothers, Tenskwatawa (known as the Prophet) and Tecumseh, began urging NA resistance Tecumseh organized the Western tribes into a league to restore Indian lands

Pg 200 Harrison’s Victory American officials were deeply concerned by Tecumseh's activities William Henry Harrison, governor of the Indiana Territories, marched a thousand soldiers against Shawnee’s villages on the Tippecanoe River where he defeated them Even after the battle, Tecumseh and his warriors continued their struggle during the next several years