the contribution of the council of europe in establishing standards to ensure secure use of new technologies in elections Ardita DRIZA MAURER lead expert of cahve doctoral researcher UniZurich/ZDA 15th European Conference of Electoral Management Bodies “Security in Elections”, Oslo, Norway, 19-20 April 2018

Use of digital technologies in elections Voters’ opinion data-driven voter-targeted election campaigns political mobilization through social media (ab)use of social media to identify and influence voters’ political opinions… Voting process Election supporting software: voters’registers, transmission of election results... E-voting: use of electronics to vote and/or count votes REC (2017)5 on Standards for E-Voting Support numérique – abstractions logiques, impossible à observer, comprendre… Vote à distance – logique « non confiance »; nécessaire d’assurer la conformité à la Cst… Caractère expérimental – évolution de la technique et de la base légale en parallèle – 2ème génération ; Supervision …;

The need for legal standards 25 ICCPR P1-3 ECHR ? Universal, equal, free, secret, direct suffrage… CHVote System Specification Source: R. Haenni et al., 2017 Évaluation de l’existant Mais aussi proposition pour mieux structurer et développer l’existant

The need for legal standards 25 ICCPR P1-3 ECHR VC Code of Good Practice Rec(2017)5 on standards for e-voting Implementing guidelines Nat’l Cst. Law Regulation Infralegal texts Évaluation de l’existant Mais aussi proposition pour mieux structurer et développer l’existant

Recommendation (2017)5 on Standards for E-Voting How does the Recommendation deal with security of e-voting? risk management policy framework (rec. ii) assurances that the system complies with the principles technical, evaluation and certification requirements (§36) certification and audits (§§37-39) assurances that any undue influence on the vote/results can be detected individual verifiability (§15, §18) universal verifiability (§17, §18) reliability and security in case of attacks: responsibilities and measures (§§40-49) transparency measures that contribute to perception of security (§§31-35)

Conclusion Rec (2017)5’s contribution to ensure secure use of digital tech. in elections underlines the importance of regulation of use of digital solutions in elections, taking due account of their specificities provides a model regulation which can inspire national regulation. Accent on respect of the higher constitutional principles for democratic elections provides guidance on certification of systems, verifiability of results, transparence, etc. provides a forum for experience exchanges among EMBs (biannual meetings)