Willow Mullen & Adam Hartman Henry of Navarre Willow Mullen & Adam Hartman

People Involved King Henry VI (Henry of Navarre) His wife, Margaret of Valois, daughter of Henry II and Catherine de Medici Henry III Henry Duke of Guise Spanish Interference Catholics Protestants Pope Clement VIII The Holy League

King Henry IV Henry’s parents were king and queen of Navarre. They were of different faiths, Catholic and Protestant. The fact that were of different faiths exemplified the strife in France between Catholics and Protestants. Henry was baptized as Catholic but was raised Protestant after his father died. At age 14, Henry began his military service in an expedition against rebellious Roman Catholics in Navarre, which ended in a victory for the Protestants. Henry distinguished himself and the experience forged a soldierly spirit within him. However, the spread of civil war made him reflect on its disastrous effect on France.

King Henry IV continued He became King of France after his mother died through an arranged marriage to Margaret of Valois, who was the daughter of Henry II and Catherine de Medici Their marriage brought Parisian Catholics and visiting Protestants together in a standoff. The tension broke between the groups into full-scale killings on August 24, 1572, this is known as the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre Henry and his wife escaped and Henry promised to convert to Catholicism When Francois Duke of Anjou died in 1584, Henry became heir to the France throne. However, the Hole League and Pope Clement VIII excommunicated Henry from the Church.

The War of Three Henry’s The War of the Three Henrys, pitting Henry VI against King Henry III of France and Henry Duke of Guise. Henry VI defeated the army Henry III in the crucial Battle of Coutras on Oct 20, 1587.  The Spanish also wanted to take control of Paris, Henry III joined forces with Henry VI  After Henry III made Henry of Navarre his successor, he was stabbed to death on August 1, 1589. Henry III Henry Duke of Guise

King Henry IV of France Because he was finally King Henry IV, he converted to Catholicism  Pope Clement reversed Henry's excommunication, and Henry brokered the Peace of Vervins between France and Spain on May 2, 1598. Around this time,  Henry also issued the Edict of Nantes, which confirmed Roman Catholicism as the state religion but granted religious freedom to Protestants. Henry united the kingdom and attained peace. -He lowered taxes on French citizens, made peace with the Ottoman Empire and opened up trade routes to East Asia.

Edict of Nantes Gave protestants certain rights regarding the practice of their faith restored Catholicism where it was interrupted by reformation in France made protestant worship in France legally impossible, forcing many protestants to emigrate out of France was designed to create civil unity between protestants and Catholics ended the French wars of religion in 1598

Death Henry IV had many assassination attempts because it was considered by the Catholics that his throne did not belong to him and he Protestants felt betrayed by him.  -He was stabbed to death by a Catholic on May 14, 1610, and subsequently buried in the Basilica of Saint Denis in Paris. 

How does this event show religious disunity in Europe? Although King Henry VI tried to bring Protestants and Catholics together, they were divided even before he was born. Protestants and Catholics weren't able to solve their differences and they both felt betrayed by Henry even though he was trying to help.

Bibliography http://www.biography.com/people/henry-iv-9335199