July 2017 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Suitability Evaluation Modulation] Date Submitted: [9 July, 2017] Source: [Joerg ROBERT] Company [Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg] Address [Am Wolfsmantel 33, 91058 Erlangen, Germany] Voice:[+49 9131 8525373], FAX: [+49 9131 8525102], E-Mail:[joerg.robert@fau.de] Re: [] Abstract: [This document presents the suitability evaluation for different modulation schemes that may be used for LPWAN.] Purpose: [Presentation in IG LPWA] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Joerg ROBERT, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

Suitability Evaluation of Modulation Schemes July 2017 Suitability Evaluation of Modulation Schemes Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> <month year> doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> July 2017 OFDM ( I / II ) OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) splits the data into multiple parallel sub-carriers Robustness wrt. multi-path not required for narrow-band applications Pros Robust wrt. multi-path Well defined bandwidth Robust wrt. narrow-band interference Simple support of powerful FEC Cons High PAPR (peak to average power ratio )  power in-efficient transmitter Sensitive wrt. Doppler shifts (mobility) Requires FEC Sensitive wrt. short interferers <author>, <company>

OFDM ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban July 2017 OFDM ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban Interference Model Dense Medium Low None Active Interfering Users Very High High Medium Low Frequency Regulation ETSI FCC ETSI/FCC None LP-WAN Localization <10m <100m None Power Supply CR 2025 2xAA Energy Harvesting External Cell Radius > 50km < 50km < 10km < 5km < 1km Node Velocity 3 km/h 30 km/h 120 km/h Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> <month year> doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> July 2017 CDMA ( I / II ) CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) spreads the data using orthogonal sequences Pros Simple generation High bandwidth  precise localization Robust wrt. fading Gain wrt. interference Cons Requires power control for effective use (not possible in typical LP-WAN) Highly increased bandwidth  more sensitive wrt. strong interference <author>, <company>

CDMA ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban July 2017 CDMA ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban Interference Model Dense Medium Low None Active Interfering Users Very High High Medium Low Frequency Regulation ETSI FCC ETSI/FCC None LP-WAN Localization <10m <100m None Power Supply CR 2025 2xAA Energy Harvesting External Cell Radius > 50km < 50km < 10km < 5km < 1km Node Velocity 3 km/h 30 km/h 120 km/h Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> <month year> doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> July 2017 DSSS ( I / II ) DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) spreads the data using defines sequences (similar to CDMA without orthogonal codes) Pros Simple generation High bandwidth  precise localization Robust wrt. fading Gain wrt. interference Cons Highly increased bandwidth  more sensitive wrt. strong interference Less users than CDMA <author>, <company>

DSSS ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban July 2017 DSSS ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban Interference Model Dense Medium Low None Active Interfering Users Very High High Medium Low Frequency Regulation ETSI FCC ETSI/FCC None LP-WAN Localization <10m <100m None Power Supply CR 2025 2xAA Energy Harvesting External Cell Radius > 50km < 50km < 10km < 5km < 1km Node Velocity 3 km/h 30 km/h 120 km/h Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> <month year> doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> July 2017 FCSS ( I / II ) FCSS (Frequency Chirp Spread Spectrum) spreads the data using frequency chirps (typically frequency ramp) Pros Simple generation Robust wrt. fading Gain wrt. interference Cons Highly increased bandwidth  more sensitive wrt. strong interference Only few quasi orthogonal frequency ramps  few parallel users <author>, <company>

FCSS ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban July 2017 FCSS ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban Interference Model Dense Medium Low None Active Interfering Users Very High High Medium Low Frequency Regulation ETSI FCC ETSI/FCC None LP-WAN Localization <10m <100m None Power Supply CR 2025 2xAA Energy Harvesting External Cell Radius > 50km < 50km < 10km < 5km < 1km Node Velocity 3 km/h 30 km/h 120 km/h Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> <month year> doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> July 2017 FHSS ( I / II ) FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) spreads narrow-band signals onto different frequencies using frequency hopping Pros Simple generation Robust wrt. fading Gain wrt. interference Cons Complex receiver Requires FEC <author>, <company>

FCSS ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban July 2017 FCSS ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban Interference Model Dense Medium Low None Active Interfering Users Very High High Medium Low Frequency Regulation ETSI FCC ETSI/FCC None LP-WAN Localization <10m <100m None Power Supply CR 2025 2xAA Energy Harvesting External Cell Radius > 50km < 50km < 10km < 5km < 1km Node Velocity 3 km/h 30 km/h 120 km/h Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> <month year> doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> July 2017 FHSS ( I / II ) FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum) spreads narrow-band signals onto different frequencies using frequency hopping Used in addition to narrow-band modulation Pros Simple generation Robust wrt. fading Gain wrt. interference Cons Complex receiver Requires FEC <author>, <company>

FHSS ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban July 2017 FHSS ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban Interference Model Dense Medium Low None Active Interfering Users Very High High Medium Low Frequency Regulation ETSI FCC ETSI/FCC None LP-WAN Localization <10m <100m None Power Supply CR 2025 2xAA Energy Harvesting External Cell Radius > 50km < 50km < 10km < 5km < 1km Node Velocity 3 km/h 30 km/h 120 km/h Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

Non-coherent Narrow-Band Modulation ( I / II ) <month year> doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> July 2017 Non-coherent Narrow-Band Modulation ( I / II ) Use of narrow-band modulation (e.g. FSK, MSK, ...) with non-coherent decoding Pros Simple generation Cons Performance loss wrt. coherent receiver Does not meet FCC for low rates due to 0.4s limitation Difficult localization characteristics due to narrow band signal Sensitive wrt. interference <author>, <company>

Non-coherent Narrow-Band Modulation ( II / II ) July 2017 Non-coherent Narrow-Band Modulation ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban Interference Model Dense Medium Low None Active Interfering Users Very High High Medium Low Frequency Regulation ETSI FCC ETSI/FCC None LP-WAN Localization <10m <100m None Power Supply CR 2025 2xAA Energy Harvesting External Cell Radius > 50km < 50km < 10km < 5km < 1km Node Velocity 3 km/h 30 km/h 120 km/h Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

Coherent Narrow-Band Modulation ( I / II ) <month year> doc.: IEEE 802.15-<doc#> July 2017 Coherent Narrow-Band Modulation ( I / II ) Use of narrow-band modulation (e.g. FSK, MSK, ...) with coherent decoding Pros Simple generation Is able to approach theoretical limits in AWGN channel Cons Requires channel estimation Does not meet FCC for low rates due to 0.4s limitation Difficult localization characteristics due to narrow band signal Sensitive wrt. interference <author>, <company>

Coherent Narrow-Band Modulation ( II / II ) July 2017 Coherent Narrow-Band Modulation ( II / II ) Channel Model Indoor Outdoor Rural Outdoor Urban Interference Model Dense Medium Low None Active Interfering Users Very High High Medium Low Frequency Regulation ETSI FCC ETSI/FCC None LP-WAN Localization <10m <100m None Power Supply CR 2025 2xAA Energy Harvesting External Cell Radius > 50km < 50km < 10km < 5km < 1km Node Velocity 3 km/h 30 km/h 120 km/h Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg

Any Questions or Comments? July 2017 Any Questions or Comments? Joerg Robert, FAU Erlangen-Nuernberg