Multiple Intelligences By Howard Gardner

It’s not how smart we are, it’s how we are smart.

Intelligence “The ability to solve problems or fashion products that are valued in one or more cultures.”

In summary. . . Gardner’s definition of intelligence is “the ability to solve problems.” Just because you cannot solve a problem in the same way your neighbor does, does not mean that the way you solved the problem is more valuable or smarter than the way your neighbor solved the same problem.

The Eight Main Multiple Intelligences Visual/Spatial Logical Mathematical Bodily Kinesthetic Naturalist Verbal/Linguistic Music/Rhythmic Intrapersonal Interpersonal

Simple Meaning Verbal/Linguistic Logical/Mathematical Musical/Rhythmic Naturalist Visual/Spatial Intrapersonal Interpersonal Bodily/Kinesthetic Word smart Logic smart Music smart Classifying smart Art smart Self Smart People smart Body smart

Another item is added recently Existential

After more studies Gardner added one more intelligence, and he continue studying and planning to add one more, which is Existential intelligence.

Visual/Spatial Thinks in 3-D Pictures in Mind Great Imagination Hand-eye relationship Design/color

Visual/Spatial Occupations Sailors Sculptors/painters Engineers Pilots Designers Architects Surgeons

Logical/Mathematical Reasons Analyzes Uses Logic Uses Numbers Problem Solving Sees Patterns

Logical Mathematical Occupations Mathematician Scientist Accountant/Banker Inventor Detective Engineer Programmer

Bodily/Kinesthetic Activity/motion Hands-on Experimental Manipulate Participate Body Language

Bodily Kinesthetic Occupations Athlete Dancer/Performer Physical Therapist Coach

Naturalist Nature Classification Flora/Fauna Patterns Environment Sorting Memory

Naturalist Occupations Biologist Zoologist Artists Environmentalist Landscaper Game warden

Verbal/Linguistic Reading/Writing Debate/Speech Word Puzzles Spelling/Vocab Languages Listening

Verbal/Linguistics Occupations Writer Speaker Teachers Actor Attorneys Politicians

Musical/Rhythmic Singing Playing instruments Rhythms/beats Composing Sound Pitch

Musical/Rhythmic Occupations Composers Conductors Singers DJ Producer Musicians

Intrapersonal Self-Reflection Journaling Emotional processing Concentration Focusing

Intrapersonal Occupations Psychologists Researcher Elite Athlete Author Philosopher Explorer

Interpersonal Cooperative Groups Collaboration Sensing/intuiting Uses Feedback Empathy

Interpersonal Occupations Teacher Salesperson Social Worker Counselor Doctor/Nurse Psychiatrists

Linguistic If you have strong linguistic intelligence you might learn better by Reading Memorizing Playing word games Making up rhymes, puns Using the internet

Logical/Mathematical Learner If you have strong logical-mathematical intelligence you might learn better by Recording information systematically Setting up experiments (“What if…?”) Playing strategy games (Chess, Checkers) Analyzing data Asking logical questions Using the internet

Spatial Learner If you have strong spatial intelligence you might learn better by Studying pictures Watching videos Using visual, tangible aids Doing mazes, puzzles Making predictions Using the internet

Bodily/Kinesthetic Learner If you have strong bodily-kinesthetic intelligence you might learn better by Doing role plays Constructing physical examples Exercising while reviewing Visiting museums, institutions, parks Asking logical questions Using the internet

Musical Learner If you have strong musical intelligence you might learn better by Listening to recordings Talking to yourself Making up songs Mentally repeating information Reading aloud Changing tempo

Interpersonal Learner If you have strong interpersonal intelligence you might learn better by Studying in groups Comparing information with others Interviewing experts Relating personal experiences Being a teamplayer Doing cooperative projects

Intrapersonal Learner If you have strong intrapersonal intelligence you might learn better by Avoiding distractions Establishing personal goals Playing solitary games Setting own pace Working alone Relating personal experiences

Naturalistic Learner If you have strong naturalistic intelligence you might learn better by Studying outside Learning in the presence of plants & pets Relating environmental issues to topics Smelling, seeing touching, tasting, Observing natural phenomenon

Review Verbal/Linguistic Logical/Mathematical Musical/Rhythmic Naturalist Visual/Spatial Intrapersonal Interpersonal Bodily/Kinesthetic Word smart Logic smart Music smart Classifying smart Art smart Self Smart People smart Body smart

Multiple Intelligences Everyone has all eight of them. There are many ways to be smart in any one intelligence. They are not isolated. With practice, most people can become reasonably competent in all intelligences.