James H. O’Keefe, MD, Salman K. Bhatti, MD, Ata Bajwa, MD, James J

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Alcohol and Cardiovascular Health: The Dose Makes the Poison…or the Remedy  James H. O’Keefe, MD, Salman K. Bhatti, MD, Ata Bajwa, MD, James J. DiNicolantonio, PharmD, Carl J. Lavie, MD  Mayo Clinic Proceedings  Volume 89, Issue 3, Pages 382-393 (March 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005 Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Alcohol intake and total mortality. Data from Arch Intern Med.9 Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 382-393DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Adjusted risks for cardiovascular (CV) disease as a function of alcohol intake. CHD = coronary heart disease; HR = hazard ratio. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. Data from Journal of the American College of Cardiology.10 Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 382-393DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Fully adjusted incidence rates of coronary artery disease according to age and alcohol intake. From Circulation,11 with permission. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 382-393DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Alcohol intake and risk of myocardial infarction in 8867 middle-aged men already following healthy lifestyle recommendations. Adapted from Archives of Internal Medicine,14 with permission. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 382-393DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). At 10 drinks/day, the risk of AF is doubled. Confidence interval is marked by dashes. Adapted from European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation,27 with permission. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 382-393DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Hypertension as a function of type and number of drinks consumed. Error bars indicate risk of hypertension. Data from Revista Española de Cardiología.44 Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 382-393DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Fully adjusted statistical association between daily alcohol intake and ischemic stroke. OR = odds ratio. From JAMA,50 with permission. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 382-393DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 8 Alcohol intake and incidence of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus. Error bars indicate 95% CI. From Journal of the American College of Cardiology.5 Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 382-393DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 9 Potential mechanisms of cardiovascular protection associated with moderate drinking. HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein. Adapted from Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology,67 with permission. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2014 89, 382-393DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.11.005) Copyright © 2014 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

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