1. β-Blocker Use for the Stages of Heart Failure
Marc Klapholz, MD 
Mayo Clinic Proceedings 
Volume 84, Issue 8, Pages (August 2009)
DOI: /
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2. FIGURE 1
American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association 2005 classification of heart failure (HF). ACEI = angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; EF = ejection fraction; FHx CM = family history of cardiomyopathy; LV = left ventricular; LVH = LV hypertrophy; MI = myocardial infarction. From Circulation,8 with permission.
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3. FIGURE 2
Progression of hypertension and other early risk factors for heart failure. CHF = congestive heart failure; LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy; MI = myocardial infarction. From Arch Intern Med,20 with permission.
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4. FIGURE 3
Interrelated roles of coronary artery disease (CAD) progression, neurohormonal activation, and remodeling in the development of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. From Circulation,64 with permission.
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