6.P.2.2

What are the properties of solids, liquids, gasses? background information

Matter can exist in 3 basic states. background information

The 3 basic states of matter are Solids, Liquids and Gases. (Just about) Everything found on earth can be grouped into one of these 3 basic states. background information

SHAPE … how does it maintain its shape? We can look at these 3 properties to figure out which state of matter an object is: SHAPE … how does it maintain its shape? MASS … how much matter does the object have? VOLUME … how much space does it take up? background information

Solids: Atoms are tightly packed and DO NOT move past each other Solids: Atoms are tightly packed and DO NOT move past each other. They vibrate in place. A substance in a solid phase is relatively rigid, with definite volume & shape. Atoms that comprise a solid are packed close together and are not compressible. Because all atoms have thermal energy, its atoms do vibrate, however the movement is very small and rapid – undetectable under ordinary conditions. When heat is added, a solid can become a liquid.

Solids have a definite SHAPE MASS VOLUME A substance in a solid phase is relatively rigid, with definite volume & shape. Atoms that comprise a solid are packed close together and are not compressible. Because all atoms have thermal energy, its atoms do vibrate, however the movement is very small and rapid – undetectable under ordinary conditions. When heat is added, a solid can become a liquid. VOLUME

Examples of Solids A substance in a solid phase is relatively rigid, with definite volume & shape. Atoms that comprise a solid are packed close together and are not compressible. Because all atoms have thermal energy, its atoms do vibrate, however the movement is very small and rapid – undetectable under ordinary conditions. When heat is added, a solid can become a liquid.

Liquids: Atoms are packed tightly together Liquids: Atoms are packed tightly together. (but not as tightly as solids) The atoms have enough room to flow, or slide, past each other. Liquids have a definite volume, but are able to change their shape by flowing. Liquids are similar to solids, in that their particles touch, however they are not packed as tight – they are able to move around. Since liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container. When heat is added, a liquid becomes a gas.

Liquids do NOT have a definite Liquids have a definite SHAPE MASS VOLUME Liquids have a definite volume, but are able to change their shape by flowing. Liquids are similar to solids, in that their particles touch, however they are not packed as tight – they are able to move around. Since liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container. When heat is added, a liquid becomes a gas. They take up a definite amount of space.

Because liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container. Liquids have a definite volume, but are able to change their shape by flowing. Liquids are similar to solids, in that their particles touch, however they are not packed as tight – they are able to move around. Since liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container. When heat is added, a liquid becomes a gas.

Examples of Liquids Liquids have a definite volume, but are able to change their shape by flowing. Liquids are similar to solids, in that their particles touch, however they are not packed as tight – they are able to move around. Since liquid molecules can move, they will take the shape of their container. When heat is added, a liquid becomes a gas.

Gases: Atoms are NOT tightly packed together, and have so much energy they slip past each other quickly. Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

A gas will spread out to fill all the space in whatever container it is in. Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

If unconfined, gases will spread out indefinitely. Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

Gases do NOT have a definite Gases have a definite SHAPE VOLUME MASS Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated. Remember the Theory of Conservation of Matter: Matter cannot be created or destroyed!

Examples of Gases Gases have no definite volume or shape. If unconstrained, gases will spread out indefinitely. If confined, they will take the shape of their container. This is because gas particles have enough energy to overcome attractive forces. Each of the particles is well separated, so they have a very low density. Heat energy is in the disorderly motion of molecules. Atoms and molecules are perpetually in motion. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

Review SOLID LIQUID GAS Definite SHAPE? Definite MASS? copy into notes SOLID LIQUID GAS Definite SHAPE? Definite MASS? Definite VOLUME? YES NO NO YES YES YES NO YES YES

Review Phase Motion of Particles Speed of Particles Solid Liquid Gas Particles vibrate in place Slow Particles are close, but can slide past one another Medium Particles are constantly expanding Fast

What do you think the effect of heat will be on an object’s state of matter? Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

As temperature increases, the energy of motion increases. Meaning that the atoms move more quickly. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

Because the atoms move more quickly, most substances expand when heated. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

Thermal Energy (heat) is what changes a phase of matter Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated.

Effect of heat on states of matter When heat is added, a solid becomes a…. liquid When heat is added, a liquid becomes a…. Increased temperature means greater energy of motion so most substances expand when heated. gas

Most substances can exist as a solid, liquid, or gas depending on temperature. Argon BOILS at -186 degrees Celsius, so when you hold it at room temperature you can see ALL 3 phases at the same time. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zEjWWQIeV5U