1. 1.2 Kinetic Molecular Theory
Miss Martel

2. The Particle Model of Matter
All matter is made of small particles
There are spaces between the particles.
The particles are always moving.
The particles are attracted to each other.
The particle model of matter describes ATOMS!

3. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Scientists used Particle Model of Matter to develop KMT
KMT is based on Kinetic energy
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion
All particles are always moving, so they have kinetic energy

4. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Since particles are way to small for us to see we are going to use a simulation to see what is happening at the molecular level.

5. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Hopefully the simulation helped you see what KMT is about
Here are the main points of the KMT:
All matter is made up of very small particles
There is empty space between particles
Particles are constantly moving. In liquids and gases, the particles are colliding with each other and the wall of their container
Particles of a solid are so tightly packed together that they cannot move around freely. They can only vibrate
Particles of a liquid are farther apart, and they can move by sliding past each other
Particles of a gas are very far apart, and they move around quickly.

6. Kinetic Molecular Theory
Here are the main points of the KMT:
4. Energy makes particles move. The more energy the particles have, the faster they can move and the farther apart they can get. There is more energy as temperature gets hotter.
5. Attraction between particles decreases as the distance between particles increases.
With your partner fill in information on solids, liquids and gases on page 8 of your hand out

7. KMT and Changes of State
Solid:
Particles are tightly packed together
Particles can only vibrate
Attractive forces are high
Increasing energy causes an increase in vibration
Liquid:
Particles are farther apart
Particles still vibrate, but can move, sliding, or bumping
past one another
Attractive forces are quite high, but less than solids
and decreasing with distance
Increasing energy causes increase in vibration and movement

8. KMT and Changes of State
Gas:
Particles very far apart
Particles vibrate, rotate, bump, and
move past each other in rapid straight line motion
No attractive forces; particles are too far
apart and are moving too fast
Increasing energy causes an increase in pressure
Because the increase in speed & number
of particles hitting the sides of the container

9. Temperature and Changes of State
Changing from one state to another involves adding or removing energy
What type of change is that?
physical change
What we experience as HEAT, the particles experience as MOTION.
1. Adding heat  particles move faster
2. Cooling down (removing heat)  particles slow down

10. Temperature and Changes of State
Fill in the chart on handout on page 9.
During the changes of state is energy gained or lost?

11. Temperature and Changes of State
Demo time!
Remember everything that we have learnt so far about KMT try and visualize what is happening and try to be able to explain it!

12. Describing Matter What are properties?
characteristics, or ways of describing matter
they have to be observable or measurable
there are two types of properties :
Qualitative = Properties that can be described but not measured
Quantitative = Properties that can be measured numerically
Put the property words under
qualitative or quantitative

13. Homework Reading Questions: # 1-7
Finish defining and putting properties under qualitative or quantitative

14. Describing Matter