Review “Big Stick” Diplomacy: “Speak softly and carry a big stick” Examples: Panama Canal, Roosevelt Corollary Dollar Diplomacy: investment and success of American business should determine our foreign policy Example: Open Door Policy in China, trade with Japan Moral Diplomacy: foreign policy should allow for principles of justice and liberty to carry throughout the world Examples: U.S. involvement in World War I

The Causes of World War I M.A.I.N. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism “I bless the rains down in Africa / Gonna take some time to do the things we never had” --Africa, TOto

1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures Militarism Militarism: the process of countries preparing themselves for war. Includes New military technology Increasing numbers of weapons Increasing number of soldiers enlisted In the early 1900s, European countries were increasing their military spending because of competition 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

Alliances Alliance: an agreement of friendship or support between two countries In the early 1900s, many European nations formed alliances to protect themselves Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple Entente: United Kingdom, France, and Russia

Imperialism Imperialism: the process by which European nations increased their influence and control over people and territory in Africa and Asia Imperialism increased tension between European countries because they were competing over markets and natural resources

Nationalism Nationalism: overwhelming pride for one’s country or nation Nationalism increased tension between European countries because of competition for power. Each country believed they were the BEST

America’s Early Role in the War Woodrow Wilson took an official stance of neutrality While officially neutral, the United States was offering arms and loans to the Allied nations (Britain, France, and Russia) Election of 1916 – with the war raging in Europe, President Wilson runs for reelection Slogan: “he kept us out of war” Wilson wins

Alliance System Allied Powers (Triple Entente) – France, Britain, Russia Central Powers (Triple Alliance) – Germany, Austrian Empire, Ottoman Empire Later Japan, Italy, and U.S. enter, but they remain neutral at the start of the war Selective Service Act of 1917 – WWI military draft

Reasons America Joins the War 1. Unrestricted submarine Warfare: Germany attacked every shipping vessel  made people angry because of the Sussex Pledge Promise made by Germany to torpedo armed or cargo ships, but not passenger ships without warning Sinking of the Lusitania  passenger ship, 114 American civilians died 2. Zimmermann Letter  message from Germany asking Mexico to become allies if the US entered the war Continued attacks on passenger ships and Zimmerman note led Wilson to ask to go to war. Stated, “We need to make the world safe for democracy.”

What is necessary to win a war? 4 M’s Money Men Munitions Morale