Development and Principles of Rocketry Applications Lecture Two

Introduction Rockets are types of vehicles, and exist to move things: A pilot from a damaged aircraft. A rescue line between two ships. A weapon onto a target. Scientific instruments into the upper atmosphere. Astronauts to and from space.

Introduction A Payload A Warhead Rockets are types of vehicles, and exist to move things: Any object carried for peaceful purposes is called A Payload An object carried for military purposes A Warhead

Military Rockets and Missiles Military Rockets are unguided weapons And as such they have no ability to steer themselves towards a target. Military Missiles are guided weapons And therefore have the ability to change direction and follow instructions to hit the target. Radar, TV, heat sensors are used to locate and home onto targets.

Military Rockets and Missiles The German V2 was the first rocket to be used as a long range weapon. It carried a 1 ton warhead for up to 200 miles. Rocket motor accelerated the V2 to 3000 mph. It coasted to 55 miles altitude The V2 then fell ballistically onto its target. Apogee 55 miles altitude Ballistic fall Burn Out 20 miles altitude Boost Target Launch Range Up to 200 miles

Military Rockets and Missiles Homing In an Active Homing System the missile uses its own radar transmitter and receiver to find and track the target. The missile can then steer itself onto the target without external assistance. In a Passive Homing System the missile does not transmit, but looks for a signal to indicate where the target is. This could be radio or heat signals from the target itself, radar reflections from another radar, or target illumination.

Military Rockets and Missiles Surface to Air Missile (SAM). A surface-to-air missile (SAM), is designed to be launched from the ground to destroy aircraft. Air to Surface Missile (ASM). An air-to-surface missile (ASM) is designed to be launched from aircraft and strike ground targets on land or at sea. Surface to Surface Missile (SSM). A surface-to-surface missile (SSM) is designed to be launched from the ground or the sea and to strike targets on land or at sea.

Military Rockets and Missiles Air to Air Missile (AAM). An air-to-air missile (AAM) is designed to be fired from an aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft. Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM). An Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) is designed with a minimum range of more than 5,500 km (3,400 ml) primarily for nuclear weapons delivery. Anti Ballistic Missile (ABM). An anti-ballistic missile (ABM) is designed to counter any ballistic missile. But, the term is used more commonly for systems designed to counter intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs).

Space Flight Space begins at the Karman Line, at an altitude of 100 km (62.1 miles) above sea level. At this altitude there is no useable atmosphere so: Jets and internal combustion engines will not work. Aircraft have no atmosphere to develop lift. Balloons have no atmosphere to provide buoyancy. The only propulsion that will get objects into space is a rocket motor.

Space Flight Rockets are used for every type of space mission: Launching satellites. Manned space flight. Sending probes to other planets. Exploration of the upper atmosphere. Rockets that are used to propel objects outside the atmosphere are called launch vehicles.

The Exploration of Space Rockets built to launch large spacecraft include: Atlas (America) Not Manned From 1962 to 1963, Atlas boosters launched the first four American astronauts to orbit the Earth. The Atlas V is still in service, with launches planned until 2020. Delta & Titan (America) Delta has provided space launch capability since 1960. Two Delta launch systems – Delta II and Delta IV – are still in active use. Titan were expendable rockets used between 1959 and 2005. Cosmos, Zenit & Proton (Russia) Cosmos has made over 440 launches, and is still in service. Zenit was first built in the 1980s , and is still in service. Proton, launched in 1965, is intended to be retired by 2030.

The Exploration of Space Rockets built to launch large spacecraft include: Long March (China) The Long March rocket is derived from the Dong Feng 4 missile, and the next generation of Long March rockets, 5, 6 and 7 will be a brand new design. H-2 (Japan) The success rate of 95% for the H-2 is on a par with 96.4% for the Atlas V of the USA, and 94.9% for the European Ariane 5. Ariane (Europe). Ariane is a European civilian expendable launch vehicle for space launch use. Ariane 6, currently in development, is due for launch in 2021-2022.

The Exploration of Space Spaceflight has many scientific and technical applications: International Communications The Global Positioning System (GPS) Better Weather Forecasting Earth Observation Space Research Astronomy

The Exploration of Space Supporting space stations for manned spaceflight include: Skylab (America) Skylab was a space station launched and operated by NASA and was the United States' first space station. It orbited the Earth from 1973 to 1979, and included a workshop, a solar observatory, and other systems. Skylab re-entered the atmosphere and disintegrated in 1979, with debris striking portions of Western Australia.

The Exploration of Space Supporting space stations for manned spaceflight include: Salyut and MIR (Russia) The Salyut programme was the first space station programme undertaken by the Soviet Union. It consisted of a series of four crewed scientific stations and two crewed military stations over a period of 15 years from 1971 to 1986. MIR operated in low Earth orbit from 1986 to 2000. It was the first modular space station, and was assembled in orbit from 1986 to 1996.

The Exploration of Space Supporting space stations for manned spaceflight include: International Space Station (ISS – many nations) The first component of the ISS was launched in 1998. Now it is the largest artificial body in orbit, and can often be seen at the appropriate time with the naked eye from Earth. Since 2 November 2000, the station has been continuously occupied, and has provided the longest continuous human presence in space.

Check of Understanding Which of the following is NOT a manned space station? Mir Skylab Salyut Atlas

Check of Understanding The maximum range of a V2 rocket was. . . 400 miles 300 miles 200 miles 100 miles

Check of Understanding Who developed the H-2 launch vehicle? China USA Japan Russia

Check of Understanding An object carried by a rocket for  military purposes is called: The warhead The payload The delivery system The launch vehicle

Check of Understanding What is the altitude of the Karman Line? 80 km 100 km 150 km 180 km

Check of Understanding Who developed the Proton launch vehicle? America Russia England China

Check of Understanding An ASM is a missile use to attack: Ships Aircraft Missiles Soldiers

Check of Understanding A military rocket which cannot steer itself towards a target is called: A guided weapon A payload An unguided weapon A launch vehicle

Check of Understanding An ABM is a missile for attacking: Tanks Bunkers Missiles Submarines

Check of Understanding ICBM stands for . . . Interception By Missile Internally Carried By Missile International Ballistic Missile Intercontinental Ballistic Missile

Development and Principles of Rocketry End of Presentation