1. Bellwork 1/8
What do you know about the International Space Station? If you could ask someone living on the International Space Station some questions, what would you ask?

2. Coming Up—A Day: Today 1/8: Orbital Space Colonies & Probes, work time
Thursday 1/10: Space Exploration Ethics, Worktime
Monday 1/14 (skinny day): Work time
Tuesday 1/15: Final Exam period

3. Coming Up—B Day:
Today 1/3: Space Environment, Introduce Final Project, The Martian
Monday 1/7: Terrestrial Space Colonies & Equipment, Work time
Wednesday 1/9: Orbital Space Colonies & Probes, work time
Friday 1/11: Space Exploration Ethics, Worktime
Monday 1/14 (skinny day): Work time
Thursday 1/17: Final Exam period

4. So, how do we get to space in the first place?

5. How do we get an object from Earth into space?
Rockets!
Rockets carry objects to a certain height and then eject whatever is to be sent into space
Often built in “stages” that fall off and parachute back to Earth
Can carry shuttles, satellites, ect.

6. What is a Rocket? A chamber enclosing a gas under pressure.
A balloon is a simple
example of a rocket.
Rubber walls compress the air inside. Air escapes from the small opening at one end and the balloon flies.

7. How Do Rockets Work
A rocket moves forward when gases shooting out the back of the rocket push it in the opposite direction.
The reaction force that propels a rocket forward is called thrust.
The greater the thrust, the greater a rocket’s velocity.

8. Action and Reaction A rocket takes off only when it expels gas.
Action: The rocket pushes the gas out of the engine.
Reaction: The gas pushes up on the rocket.
The Action (Thrust) has to be
greater than the weight of the rocket for the reaction (liftoff) to happen.
Newton’s 3rd Law

9. Types of Rockets NASA uses:
Atlas V
Delta II
Soyuz Rocket (Russian rocket which is used to transport people/supplies to the ISS
NASA’s Space Shuttle program ended in 2011
Challenger & Columbia explosions
Budget cuts

10. How fast does it need to go?
Escape Velocity:
The speed at which an object must travel to break free of a planet’s gravity
Earth’s escape velocity
40,000 Km/h
11.2 Km/s
25,000 mph

11. For objects that just need to orbit Earth, meeting the Escape Velocity enough…

12. How do we get into “Deep Space”?
Gravity Assist
Using a planet's motion to accelerate a satellite
As a satellite heads toward a planet, it accelerates and “steals” momentum from the moving planet

13. Why use Gravity Assist? Saves on fuel, time, and expenses!
Direction changes, speeding up, slowing down, stabilizing against minor collisions/gravitational effects of other objects
All of these things require fuel!

14. Trajectories Planning the timing of a launch depends on many factors:
Planetary alignment & speeds
Destination
Fly by vs. landing
Solar needs (will the sun be in the way of imaging? Do you need sunlight to get the image?)
Spacecraft’s payload & maximum velocity

15. Example: Sending Curiosity to Mars
Launched on Nov. 6th 2011; landed in Gale Crater on Aug. 6th 2012
This launch date minimized the duration of the trip—occurs roughly every 26 months
A later (or earlier) launch could result in the spacecraft “missing” or overshooting Mars

16. So, what would it be like to actually live in space…?
Let’s find out!

17. Two types: Orbital colony—Space Stations (today)
Planetary Colony (Tuesday)

18. What is a Space Station?
a large artificial satellite used as a long-term base for manned operations in space

19. Space Stations: First space station: Salyut 1 (1971)—Russian
U.S. launches Skylab in 1973
Several other Salyut & Skylab missions were launched after that
Mir space station launched in 1986

20. International Space Station (ISS)
First piece of the ISS launched in 1998
First crew arrived in 2000
Finished in 2011

21. Components of the ISS Over 70 major components
Canadian Robotic arm (Canadarm)
Space walks, repairs, experiment monitoring
6 laboratories
2 U.S (NASA)
1 European Space Agency
1 Japanese
2 Russian

22. How does the ISS work? Pressurized modules Solar panels
Heat produced from electronics
Oxygen:
Created from water through electrolysis
Deliveries from Earth
Carbon Dioxide:
Removed by scrubbers

23. Water & Food Supply Water is delivered from Earth Recycle water from:
Breath
Fuel processing
Urine/Waste
Food is dehydrated and delivered via spacecraft

24. What is the ISS working on right now?
Some of the experiments being done…
Space medicine
3-D printing in space
Cell culturing
Plant growth

25. What is it like to live on the ISS?
Suni Williams
American Astronaut & US Navy Officer
Record for longest space flight & most space walks by a woman

26. Example Missions Titan Mission: Cassini II Hydroponics Station
Icarus: The Sun Sail
Metal Mars
Red Outpost
Project LUNA

27. Work time tasks today
Continue background