1. Spacecraft Help Us Explore Space
Moon Missions
Orbiting Earth
U.S. vs Soviet Union
1st Satellite in 1957
1st human in space
1961
Space Stations
Other Types
Satillite
July 20,1969 First man
on the Moon
Mir
Soviet Union
Skylab
USA
Spacecraft
International
Space Station
Spacecrafts to
other Worlds
Flybys
Combining Missions
Orbiters
Landers &
Probes

2. Space Race: USA vs. Soviet Union
Rockets to deliver nuclear bombs across the world.
War would begin and end suddenly, decisively, without warning.
As the Space Race began, the US and Soviet Union were building rockets.
The United States favored bombers
Soviets preferred missiles this gave them lead in rocket technology.
A rocket able to carry a bomb across the globe also could be used to loft machines and men into orbit.
The United States and the Soviet Union engaged in a long competition to develop rockets for both warfare and the exploration of space.
Space Race effectively began after the Soviet launch of Sputnik 1 on 4 October 1957

3. The First Satellites November 3, 1957 Sputnik 2 pressurized container
1957 The Soviet Union launches Sputnik, the first artificial Earth satellite. "Sputnik" is the Russian word for "Traveler.“
November 3, 1957 Sputnik 2
pressurized container
Laika a dog
Laika lived 8 days
1958 The United States launches its first satellite, Explorer I. Discovers radiation belt around Earth
January 2, 1959: First to Orbit Sun
1. Russian Luna 1
2. Hit the Moon
3. Misses; flung out into space
4. Orbits the Sun
September 13, 1959: Impact on the Moon Russian Luna 2 hit the Moon.
October 4, 1959 Luna 3 photographs 70% the Moon's surface

4. First Satellites Continued
July 14, 1965: First Images of Mars
Mariner 4
No sign of the famous "canals" and no evidence of life.
April 1, 1960: First Weather Satellite
1. Tiros 1: first successful weather satellite
2. Launched by the United States
3. Two television cameras
4. Operational for 78 days
June 2, 1966: Surveyor 1
First American spacecraft to soft-land on the moon.
63 hours and 36 minutes
9 miles off its target in the Oceanus Procellarum.
Transmitted more than 11,000 high-resolution photographs before its energy sources were depleted.
February 3, 1966: First Moon Landing
Luna 9 soft-landing
Transmitted pictures of the Moon's surface
Moon's surface strong enough to support weight of a large spacecraft.

5. First Men in Space
SERGEI V. ILYUSHIN, JR. May have been first man in Space.
April 12, 1961 First Man in Space
Cosmonaut Yuri A. Gagarin
The Vostok 1
One orbit in 108 minutes
The flight lasted only one hour and 48 minutes
May 5, 1961 First American in Space On May 5, 1961, Astronaut Alan Shepard
Lasted 15-minutes
Experienced about 5 minutes of "weightlessness“
Tested the maneuvering capability of his Mercury capsule
February 20, 1962: First American in Orbit
John H. Glenn
Atlas D rocket
3 complete orbits
4 hours and 56 minutes.
March 18, 1965: First Space Walk
Commander Pavel I. Belyayeu and Pilot Alexei A. Leonov aboard Voskhod 2.
Alexei Leonov tethered space walk
12 minutes.

6. Landing on The Moon July 20, 1969: First Manned Landing Apollo 11
Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin, Jr.
February 3, 1966:First Landing on the Moon
1. Luna 9
2. Demonstrated that the Moon's surface was strong enough to support the weight of a large spacecraft.
June 2, 1966: First US Spacecraft on the Moon 1. Surveyor 1
2. 63 hours and 36 minutes
3. 9 miles off its target
4. Transmitted more than 11,000 photographs
December 21, 1968: First Manned Moon Orbit 1. Apollo 8
2. Frank Borman, James A. Lovell, Jr. and William A. Anders
3. 10 orbits on its 6-day mission.

7. Objects in Earth Orbit Skylab: May 14, 1973
Orbit was 270 miles above Earth.
Three different Apollo crews
May 25 to June 21, 1973
July 28 to September 24, 1973
November 16, 1973 to February 8, 1974
July 11, 1979, Skylab re-entered the Earth's atmosphere over western Australia.
February 19, 1986: Mir (Means world and peace in Russian)
1. First consistently inhabited long-term research station in space.
2. Internationally accessible
3. Mir was assembled over 10yr period
4. March 23, 2001: deliberately de-orbited, and broke apart during atmospheric re-entry.
1. The International Space Station (ISS) is a manned research space facility that is being assembled in orbit around the Earth.
2. ISS construction began on November 20, 1998
3. US, Russia, and Contracts with 15 other countries.

8. Travel to other Worlds Orbiters Landers & Probes Flybys
Obstacles for us in Space
Air, water, & supplies
Harsh conditions
Crewless Craft’s Advantages
No risk to life
Less expensive
Craft designed to go into an objects orbit.
Mariner 9 1st
Mars Orbiter
1971
Landers & Probes
Flybys
Designed to land Craft that studies then destroyed
Pass planets and other objects
without orbiting them
Viking 2 on Mars
1976
Mariner 4
1964
Pic from Pathfinder
of Mars' Surface
Any craft that lands is a lander
such as Surveyor 1
Mariner 6 & 7
1969