Interactive Notebook Setup 12/6/2017 Kievan Rus & Byzantine Collapse This will be one page

Decline of Free Peasantry Kievan Rus Social and Economic Problems Military Conflict

Decline of the Free Peasantry Nobles took over more and more farmlands once controlled by the free peasantry Nobles tried to make free peasants serfs on their large landholding For centuries Emperors protected serfs and prevented this development A series of weak leader allowed nobles to take more land from peasants

Decline of the Free Peasantry Loss of free peasantry meant a dramatic reduction of tax revenue and military recruits

Decline of the Free Peasantry Government increased taxes on peasants to make up for loss of trading revenue Taxes were also increased to help pay for the new dependency on mercenaries Lead to regular peasant rebellions against nobles and emperors Only further weakening tax and agricultural production

Social and Economic Problems Tension between aristocrats and emperors grew starting in the 11th century Generals of rural military units called themes become allied with local aristocrats Intermarry, create class of elites that challenged emperors Occasional rebellions vs. Imperial Rule

Social and Economic Problems Issues with peasants and nobles caused larger conflict throughout the empire Byzantines became increasingly dependent on mercenaries and Italian city-states to carry trade goods for lower prices Italian City-States would eventually take over much of Mediterranean trade

Social and Economic Problems Already strained connection with Western Europe became consistently worse as Catholic and Orthodox Churches grew apart The Great Schism cost Byzantine Empire important trading and political allies in Western Europe

The Byzantine empire and its neighbors about 1100 C.E.

Military Conflict Crusades of 12th-13th centuries rampage through Byzantine territory Constantinople sacked, 1204

MAP OF BYZANTINE PROBLEMS

SO…

Military Conflict Nomadic group called the Muslim Seljuk Turks invade Anatolia Threatens grain supply Defeat Byzantine army in 1071, creates civil conflict Period of steady decline until Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople in 1453 Renamed Istanbul

SLAVIC MIGRATIONS

Kievan Rus 882–1240 Loose federation of cities and princedoms No large centralized state Primarily made up of pastoral groups and small agricultural communities Trade with Byzantine empire & Holy Roman Empire was very important

Kievan Rus Spread of Eastern Orthodox Christianity --> especially to Slavic-speaking peoples in the Balkans and Russia by missionaries in 9th Cent Cyril and Methodius = created a Slavic alphabet for Bible/religious texts Called Cyrillic script Helped in mass conversion

WHO AM I? Expanded the Mauryan Empire Built roads and inns to encourage trade Converted to Buddhism after the battle of Kalinga Encouraged the spread of Buddhism to central Asia and southeast Asia Built pillars with inscriptions to explain laws & history

#7 – Ashoka Expanded the Mauryan Empire Built roads and inns to encourage trade Converted to Buddhism after the battle of Kalinga Encouraged the spread of Buddhism to central Asia and southeast Asia Built pillars with inscriptions to explain laws & history

Kievan Rus Most important cities were Kiev, where Grand Prince lived Vikings used rivers to arrive and trade Viking/Slavic descendants set up state based on trade and conquest around 9th Century Most important cities were Kiev, where Grand Prince lived Founded at meeting of multiple rivers Prince Vladimir of Kiev converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity, 989 Converted for trade and political unification purposes

What Is It? It was a trade route across North Africa. It connected the Middle East with sub-Saharan African cultures. Gold and salt trade Islam was spread along these routes.

Vladimir chooses Orthodox Church

Kievan Rus Elites baptized by order of prince, often against will Conversion led to adoption of Byzantine culture and architecture Conversion led to literacy, use of Slavonic; Greek traditions Developed a decentralized state with provinces lead by nobles called boyars

Which philosophy contributed significantly to China’s medical practices and art and architecture? A. Legalism B. Shintoism C. Hinduism D. Daoism