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Canada needed immigrants to settle Prairie Provinces to make sure Americans did not take the land and to connect east and west Canada Needed farmers and labourers Looked for White American Farmers British Farmers Eastern European (Ukrainian, Hungarian) farmers Why Immigration?
In the late 1800s, the expansion of settlements in Canadas West was needed for several reasons: Connect British Columbia with the rest of Canada Prevent the U.S. from annexing the prairies Drive to make Canada a Great Country
In 1896, PM Wilfrid Lauriers government began the Last, Best West campaign to attract immigrant settlers to Canada. Clifford Sifton, Minister of the Interior, was responsible Settlers could claim up to 160 acres of free land in the West with more available cheaply
Immigration in Early 1900s Clifford Sifton Open Door policy Distributed pamphlets, posters Sent immigration officers to process applicants Targeted poor in troubled countries Frank Oliver Selective Policy Must have money to come (amount based on race) Immigration officers did best to turn away applicants The 1900s was the beginning of Canadas cultural mosaic
Government policy was not totally anopen door policy Posters, pamphlets and recruiters only went to Britain, U.S., and Northern, Central and Eastern Europe Immigrants from other areas were discouraged
Immigrants from Europe, US, Britain preferred Those from Asia, Africa, Caribbean excluded War brides and Children refugees after the war
Refugees fleeing Soviet power in Europe 1962job skills and education #1 factor in immigration Needed skilled workers because many from Canada were going to US 1967Point System – people were given points based on education, age, skills, language
Remedied the fact that the 1967 act still favoured white immigrants Independent classsponsorships, business people Family classimmigrating as a family Refugee classthose who feared for lives or suffered persecution
Immigration is needed because of a declining birth rate It is needed to sustain population numbers Canada has one of the most open immigration policies in the world
Canadians used immigrants to do jobs they did not want to Chinese immigrants to Canada built the Canadian Railway
Once the railway was built the government started to discourage Chinese immigration Chinese had to pay a Head Tax in order to gain entry into the country 1885 $50; 1900 $ $500 July 1 st 1923 Chinese Exclusion Act: banned all Chinese from entering Canada Repealed in 1947
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The massive immigration of Orientals would alter the fundamental composition of the Canadian population and give rise to social and economic problems -PM King
India, like Canada, was part of the British Commonwealth Any citizen holding a passport from one of the Commonwealth countries is allowed to move freely between the common wealth nations Therefore, South Asians were allowed to be in Canada as much as Canadians!
In 1908 Canada passed the Continuous Passage Act which stated that Indians would have to come to Canada via direct passage from India Considering the distance from India to Canada by boat and the average income in India, these rules and laws were blatant discrimination
Landed on BC shore, and Canadian government did not want to let them in In the end, they waited for 2 months in a legal battle, and only 24 were accepted out of 376
A refugee is a person who has been pushed away from his or her home and seeks refuge elsewhere.
From Canada accepted 4000 Jews Anti-Semitism in Canadawould not fit-in to Canadian society Effects of Depression St. Louis Incident June Jews arrived on ocean liner PM King refused to accept these refugees and they returned to Europe where they would die in concentration camps
Blacks were unsuitable to the climate and requirements of Canada in attempts to keep Canada white Between fewer than 1500 African Americans came