The Enlightenment Begins

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Presentation transcript:

The Enlightenment Begins

THE ENLIGHTENMENT 1600-1700’s Known as the Age of REASON Philosophers will use logical thinking (reason) to try and solve the political, social, and economic problems of the times

Impact of the Scientific Revolution REASON---scientific method will influence philosophers People will begin to question old ways of thinking Challenge authority of church and monarchs WHY DID THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION HAVE THESE EFFECTS?

Natural Law Philosophers will argue that natural laws govern human behavior Natural law A moral law that can be understood by applying reason

Natural Law Philosophers will debate the natural laws that exist FIRST TWO: THOMAS HOBBES and JOHN LOCKE

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke Both lived in England during the 1600’s In England during the 1600’s there were a series of civil wars ABSOLUTE MONARCHY versus CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke Thomas Hobbes--- absolute monarch needed to control society John Locke--- constitutional monarchy was best because it protected the rights of the people

Absolute Monarchy A state in which a monarch holds supreme power and unlimited power

Constitutional Monarchy A state in which a monarch’s power is limited by a constitution How does an absolute monarchy differ from constitutional monarchy? Which would you prefer to live under? WHY??

A State of Nature ALL philosophers questioned how people would behave in a state of nature State of nature: a society with no government Hobbes and Locke debated the question

Imagine… Consider what life in school would be like if there were no rules, and authority figures. What would be the advantages/disadvantages? How do you think students would act? What would happen to your basic rights if no rules existed?

Thomas Hobbes Leviathan – book he wrote Beliefs: People are born bad (violent, brutish, and unruly) State of nature people would be at war constantly People need an absolute ruler to maintain control of the people People enter into a social contract

THOMAS HOBBES

Social Contract An agreement which the people give up freedoms to live obediently under a ruler People cannot rebel against their government because that causes chaos Without strict laws society would be corrupt and dangerous

John Locke Two Treatises on Government Beliefs: People are born good (moral) In a state of nature people would be just and reasonable People have natural rights Governments are created to protect the rights of the people

JOHN LOCKE

Natural Rights Rights a person is born with Locke believed all people have the rights to life, liberty, and property

John Locke People have the right to overthrow a government that takes away the natural rights of the people

Activity Complete historical heads of Locke and Hobbes Create 5 symbols to reflect ideas (EACH thinker) Insert 5 words that represent ideas (EACH thinker)

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