Daily Life in the Cities Chapter 7 Section 3

Review What did the Immigration Restriction League want? What did Elisha Otis develop? Jane Addams helped found settlement houses and helped with ______ ________ Social Gospel Movement The primary goal was?

Education Urban life was difficult for those who had little to no education To aid the urban working class social reformers tried to expand educational opportunities States began to pass {Compulsory Education Laws whose primary objective was to require parents to send their children to school} As enrolment grew reformers proposed that schools teach more than reading writing and math.

Education Continued……. John Dewey stressed cooperative “learning by doing” he emphasized art, history and science Others suggested the implementation of proper behavior and American cultural values into the curriculum Still, most schools for racially diverse children remained segregated and therefore poorly equipped However the expansion did create more opportunities for women seeking an education

Publishing The expansion of education made newspapers and literature more important. As now some 90% of Americans could read. Newspapers in the same cities had to compete for sales. For that reason papers used a {style of reporting that was sensationalistic called Yellow Journalism} The basis for the name was a comic character from “The Yellow Kid” where the lead character, a tenement dweller, dressed in a yellow gown portrayed all the stereotypes that American’s had about immigrants

Literature The publication of popular literature also increased. The sales of dime and nickel novels enticed young readers with adventure stories Older readers favored realistic books about city life The most commercially successful books were those that focused of Christian principles

Leisure Time in Urban Parks Offering relief from the stress of city life, city planners developed large urban parks to offer a refuge for urban residents Frederick Law Olmstead designed Central Park in New York City Olmstead helped spur the City Beautiful movement which stressed the importance of including parks and attractive boulevards in the designs of cities.

Leisure & Sports (Baseball) In 1869 Aaron Champion organized the first pro. Baseball team: the Cincinnati Red Stockings In 1876 William Hubert organized the Nation League and created a governing body for the sport, established rules, and contracts for players In 1903 the first World Series game was held between the Pittsburgh Pirates & the Boston Pilgrims Not all Americans were allowed to play. Teams with African American players were boycotted. For 60 years African American could not play in the major leagues forcing them to form their own league which produced many outstanding players.

Leisure & Sports (football) Football was popular with the college circuit Walter Camp, who played for Yale, established many of the rules and principles Many people objected to its “violent” nature as 18 college players and 46 high school players deaths were documented in the 1905 season. Congress was debating outlawing the sport, but instead rule changes were made to reduce the sports danger

Sports & Leisure (basketball) Basketball was also first played by students James Naismith invented the game in 1891 He was attempting to find a sport to occupy a group of “unruly” students in the winter months {Basketball was one of the few sports played during the Victorian Era in which women’s participation was encouraged}

Entertainment Many city-dwellers sought to be occupied and looked to the stage for their entertainment. {Vaudeville a type of variety show that features a wide assortment of short performances} became popular Performed in vaudeville shows, a new form of {music, performed primarily on the piano, was created by African American musicians called Ragtime}

Barlie Girls: vaudeville circa 1907

Review Social Gospel Movement The primary goal was? Compulsory Education Laws whose primary objective was to? What is the the style of reporting that was sensationalistic? Name one of the few sports played during the Victorian Era in which women’s participation was encouraged

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