2. Chapter 21, Section 3: Life in the Changing Cities Main Idea: A building boom, new technology, and new leisure activities changed the way city dwellers lived.

3. A. A Building Boom Vertical Growth  New technology = “skyscrapers”  Lightweight steel frames (stronger) Lightweight steel frames  Elevators (more practical)  1 st high-rise was in Chicago in 1885 (only 9 stories high)  Shopping  Shopping – department stores offer many goods in one store (Macy’s in NYC - 1902 ), window shopping becomes popular Horizontal Growth  Suburbs – communities near cities  Public transportation carried workers to jobs & lessened traffic jams  Electric streetcars (trolleys)  Subways(underground)  Els (elevated trains)  Bigger & better bridges  Public Parks  Public Parks - open spaces provide areas for recreation (parks, zoos, gardens) *Central Park in NYC

4. Urban parks, such as Central Park, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted in the 1850s, preserved open spaces in cities. Central Park

5. B. Americans at Play  Sports provided people with escape from pressures of work Baseball  1 st played in NY in 1840s; 1 st pro league formed in 1870s  NY soldiers taught the game to other Union soldiers during the Civil War (spread across nation after war)  Underhand pitch with one bounce, no mitts, high scores  Eventually, African-Americans were banned from the majors & had to form their own leagues (until 1947)Football  Originally all run & no pass (little skill required)  Many injuries (no helmets) & deaths (33 in 1908 alone) Basketball  Invented by James Naismith in 1891 in a Springfield, MA YMCA as an indoor, winter activity for his students  Players threw a soccer ball into peach baskets nailed to gym walls; no dribbling/all passing; jump ball after basket

7. Transcript Video Abbott & Costello

8. C. A New World of Theater & Music  Entertainment created shared experiences that brought people together & spread American culture Variety Shows  Wealthy attended symphonies and operas  Commoners went to vaudeville shows (variety acts/talent shows)  Comedians, song & dance, acrobats, magic, etc.  Vaudeville provided opportunities for entertainers to make a name for themselves  George M. Cohan, the Marx Brothers, Will Rogers Popular Music  Edison’s phonograph made music more popular. Millions of records sold.  Ragtime (“Maple Leaf Rag” by Scott Joplin)(“Maple Leaf Rag” by Scott Joplin)  Marching bands played John Philip Sousa songs (“The Stars & Stripes Forever”)(“The Stars & Stripes Forever”) Audio: Maple Leaf Rag

9. - Vaudeville shows became extremely popular. Examples: comedians, song and dance routines, and acrobats Music, sports and vaudeville brought Americans from different cultures together and helped to encourage assimilation