Page 21 EQ: How do Viruses compare to cells? How do viruses replicate?

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Presentation transcript:

Page 21 EQ: How do Viruses compare to cells? How do viruses replicate?

Virus Facts Structure that contains strands of genetic material (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protective protein coat Cannot live independently outside of a host cell Does not grow Does not have ANY organelles! Does not have a cell membrane NOT a cell or made of cells! NONLIVING

Virus Structure If a virus’ genetic material is RNA, the virus is called a retrovirus. The capsid helps the virus attach to the host cell & protects the virus.

Virus size compared to cells

Viruses and cells Alike Different Reproduce Have DNA (Although some viruses do NOT have DNA) Can change over time (evolve) Have protein Cells can reproduce independently & viruses need a host Only cells grow Only cells need energy Only cells can respond to changes in their environment Cells are living & viruses are not

Virus Reproduction – pg. 25

Lytic Cycle This cycle occurs when the virus enters the cell and immediately begins replicating. Results in the (relatively) quick death of the host cell. Symptoms appear in 1-5 days usually. Lytic = Quick!

Lytic Cycle

Lysogenic Cycle This cycle occurs when the virus enters the cell and integrates its DNA into the host cell’s DNA. No virus particles are produced by the cell. No virus = no symptoms

Lysogenic Cycle

How Vaccines Work

Treating Viruses Antibiotics work on bacteria – NOT viruses! To prevent a virus from making you sick, you should get a vaccine. A vaccine is a weakened/inactive virus that is injected into you. It works by stimulating your immune system to fight the pathogen. Your immune system also “learns” to recognize the pathogen. When you really encounter the virus, your immune system quickly knows that it is a bad thing that needs to be destroyed so you don’t get sick. Vaccines give you immunity to the virus. The only other way you can be immune is if you actually have the disease. To treat a viral infection, you really just treat the symptoms (meds to reduce fever, rest, drink fluids) while your immune system does it’s thing.