Prokaryotic Cell

Eukaryotic Cell

Heterotrophs must get energy by eating Autotrophs capture the light energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy they use for food. Heterotrophs must get energy by eating autotrophs or other heterotrophs. Decomposers, aka saprobes, are heterotrophs that recycle dead organisms by breaking them down.

Phylogeny Systematics Hypothesis Cladistics Derived character Cladogram Dichotomous Key Order Family Genus Species Common name Scientific name Binomial nomenclature Classification Taxonomy Aristotle Linnaeus Kingdom Phylum Class

Classification the grouping of information or objects based on Taxonomy is the science of grouping and naming organisms. Classification the grouping of information or objects based on similarities.

We only know about a fraction of the organisms that exist or have existed on Earth. Taxonomists give a unique scientific name to each species they know about whether it’s alive today or extinct. The scientific name comes from one of two “dead” languages – Latin or ancient Greek. Why use a dead language?

Devil Cat

Ghost Cat

Mountain Lion

Screaming Cat

Puma

Florida Panther

Cougar

There are at least 50 common names for the animal shown on the previous 7 slides. Common names vary according to region. Soooo……why use a scientific name?

Binomial Nomenclature     a two name system for writing scientific names. The genus name is written first (always Capitalized).     The species name is written second (never capitalized).     Both words are italicized if typed or underlined if hand written. Example: Felis concolor or F. concolor Which is the genus? The species?

"Formal" scientific names should have a third part, the authority "Formal" scientific names should have a third part, the authority.     The authority is not italicized or underlined. The authority is written as an abbreviation of the last name of the person responsible for naming the organism. Since Carolus Linnaeus was the first person to name many plants, the L. for Linnaeus is very common in plant scientific names. An example is Quercus alba L.

The Dichotomous Key A key is a device for easily and quickly identifying an unknown organism. The dichotomous key is the most widely used type in biological sciences. The user is presented with a sequence of choices between two statements, couplets, based on characteristics of the organism. By always making the correct choice, the name of the organism will be revealed.

                                                            

1.   A. one pair of wings B. Two pairs of wings

• Domain Archaea The Three Domains Domain Bacteria Domain Eukarya Includes newly discovered cell types Contains 1 kingdom – the Archaebacteria Domain Bacteria Includes other members of old kingdom Monera Has 1 kingdom – the Eubacteria Domain Eukarya Includes all kingdoms composed of organisms made up of eukaryotic cells – Protista – Fungi – Animalia – Plantae

Categories within Kingdoms Kingdoms are divided into groups called phyla Phyla are subdivided into classes Classes are subdivided into orders Orders are subdivided into families Families are divided into genera Genera contain closely related species Species is unique Categories within Kingdoms