Unit 12 - Imperialism

Keep these A-PARTS in mind… Author: Place and Time: Audience: Reason: The Main Idea: Significance:

1. Rudyard Kipling’s The White Mans’ Burden (1899) Take up the White Man's burden- Send forth the best ye breed-- Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild-- Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden-- In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror And check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, And work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine And bid the sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest The end for others sought, Watch sloth and heathen Folly Bring all your hopes to nought. Take up the White Man's burden-- No tawdry rule of kings, But toil of serf and sweeper-- The tale of common things. The ports ye shall not enter, The roads ye shall not tread, Go mark them with your living, And mark them with your dead.

2. British cartoon – circa 1900

3. Anonymous African proverb When the whites came to our country, we had the land and they had the Bible, now we have the Bible and they have the land.

4. Mark Twain – 1901 essay on colonialism And as for the flag for the Philippine Province, it is easily arranged. We can have a special one - our States do it: we can have just our usual flag, with the white stripes painted black and the stars replaced by the skull and cross-bones

5. quote from Cecil Rhodes - 1877 I contend that we [Britons] are the finest race in the world, and the more of the world we inhabit, the better it is for the human race…It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honourable race the world possesses.

6. Romesh Dutt - The Economic History of India Under Early British Rule (1920) Englishmen…have given the people of India the greatest human blessing – peace. They have introduced Western education. This has brought an ancient and civilized nation in touch with modern thought, modern sciences and modern life. They have built an administration that is strong and efficient. They have framed wise laws and have established courts of justice.

7. quote from Mohandas Gandhi Imperialism is a negation of God. It does ungodly acts in the name of God.

Types of imperial control Colony: direct rule Protectorate: foreign power controls international relations; local leaders have some say over domestic matters Sphere of influence: not formal control, but shaped by economic / military influence of an outside power Dominion: self-governing colony; control over domestic affairs, with economic / foreign policy links to the mother country

Africa Late 19th century push for European colonization North Africa Berlin Conference North Africa Egypt / Suez Central / East Africa Belgian Congo West Africa British / French annexations and protectorates South Africa Zulus, Boers (Afrikaners) and British Effects?

South and Southeast Asia India Sepoy Rebellion and direct rule “The Jewel in the Crown” INC and the Muslim League cultural and economic effects Southeast Asia British Singapore French Indochina American Philippines Thailand

China Opium War and crumbling Qing Tai Ping Rebellion European states carve out spheres of influences Boxer Rebellion Revolution of 1911 and Sun’s tall task

Dominions, and minions… “autonomous communities within the British Empire” Australia Aboriginals New Zealand Maori Canada Quebec / indigenous peoples Not so autonomous - Ireland