Advanced Aquaculture of Carps and Tilapia – Ponds and Cages Kevin Fitzsimmons, John Woiwode, R.S.N. Janjua ASA SoyPak Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan 19 March 2012

Carp and Tilapia Carps are most important farmed food fish and tilapia are second. Global demand, variety of production systems and geographic regions, some vertically integrated Environmentally sustainable – “Green Aquaculture” (no fish meal required in the diet, no antibiotics, many farms use effluents for crops)

Subsistence and Export Commodity Tilapia is unique in its role as a small livestock animal grown by subsistence farmers in developing countries around the world….. And It is widely grown and exported to high value markets to be served in expensive restaurants and grocery stores Commodity or specialty crop - BOTH, like chicken

US Tilapia consumption (imports and domestic) 368,295 mt of live weight (equivalent) – 2006 437,000 mt of live weight (equivalent) - 2007 453,264 mt of live weight (equivalent) – 2008 465,953 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2009) 579,443 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2010)

Carp and tilapia in ponds Extensive ponds

Semi-intensive ponds

Multiple small cages Irrigation Reservoir, Arizona Taal Lake, Philippines Paulo Afonso Reservoir, Brasil

Other small cages Nile Delta, Egypt Shrimp Pond, Thailand Shrimp Pond, Philippines All tilapia farms have dogs, even cage farms

Large cage farms

Pond culture to crop irrigation

Fish and citrus in Hainan, China

Integration of aquaculture and agriculture Water pH reduced from 8.3 to 8.0 Added 19.7 kg/ha N to 45 kg/ha used in standard fertilization schedule of cotton.

Results - Integration of aquaculture and agriculture Contributed 2.6 kg/ha P to cotton crop.

Plant height with Fish Effluent, Standard Fertilizer and Well Water

Extruders Floating feeds Feed mixes with steam in barrel of extruder Cooks ingredients, improves palatability Gelatinizes starches Steam expansion and auger forces feed out of barrel with rapid expansion. Traps air in pellet, allows to float

Bangladesh tilapia aquaculture

Future global tilapia aquaculture

Conclusions Tilapia are omnivores But eating anything will not make you grow fast and strong Tilapia need balanced nutrition for rapid growth just like human children

Buy TILAPIA Thank you! Questions and discussion?