Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid

DNA General Information A. Nucleic acid = acid found in nucleus B. F(x)s 1. Carries & transmits genetic code 2. Codes for proteins which determine traits E.g. blue eyes, red hair

DNA F(x)s (cont.) 3. Gene = section of DNA that codes for a protein 4. Proteins perform almost all of the essential life functions of cells & organisms 5. DNA codes for what an organism can do and be

C. History of DNA Research 1. 1949 Chargaff’s rule # of Adenines = # of Thymines # of Guanines = # of Cytosines

C. History of DNA Research 2. 1952 Rosalind Franklin & Maurice Wilkins X-ray pattern of DNA

C. History of DNA Research 3. 1953 Watson & Crick reveal 3-D model of DNA molecule

C. History of DNA Research (1958- Franklin dies) 4. 1962 Watson & Crick (& Wilkins) Nobel Prize for 3-D model of DNA ?’s 1-9

D. DNA Structure Shape = double helix (2 strands) coiled ladder

D. DNA Structure 2. Building block = nucleotide 3. Nucleotide = Phosphate Sugar (deoxyribose) Nitrogenous Base (A, T, C, or G) Hydrogen bond between N-bases

D. DNA Structure ?’s 10-14 4. Complementary base pairing N-bases always pair with same partner Adenine with Thymine Cytosine with Guanine ?’s 10-14

D. DNA Structure GTAATCGTA If we know what one strand of DNA molecule is, we know the other What is the other side if one side is CATTAGCAT ? GTAATCGTA

D. DNA Structure 5. Sequence of bases is the genetic code

3D DNA Model Animation ?’s 15-17 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/2can/biology/molecules_dna.html animation of ?’s 15-17