Industry and Inventions

Industrial Revolution Began in England in the 18th Century Very limited American Manufacturing in the 18th century Technology innovations created a shift toward large-scale production Picture is of an iron ore plant in Pennsylvania.

Industrial Revolution Spinning jenny Produces many spools of yarn Power loom Wove & pressed thread into cloth Water frame Powers machines in factories Advances made it possible for many unskilled workers to produce cloth Especially children

Free Enterprise and Factories Samuel Slater Built first successful water-powered textile mill Workers and machines together under one roof Most built near water source for power People leave farms to work in factories for wages on a set schedule Factory in Massachusetts

Free Enterprise and Factories New England was ideal setting for growth of American factories Land was not conducive to farming, people willing to work in factories Many fast moving rivers Near ocean

Free Enterprise and Factories Minimum government interference Competition, profit, private property, & economic freedom Many people invested in industry during the War of 1812 Businessmen built factories and grew wealthy

Impact on Cities Industrial cities grew the quickest Most on rivers Needed water power New England had many fast- flowing rivers City disadvantages Waste disposal was an issue Fires were a constant threat Overcrowded living conditions City advantages Libraries, museums, shops Jobs & attractions outweighed the dangers

The Lowell Mills Francis Cabot Lowell builds a factory in Waltham, Mass Spun cotton into yarn & wove it into cloth Figured out how to work power looms from seeing them in England - stole the technology like Samuel Slater) Factory was so successful he built a factory town called Lowell Picture of the Lowell Mills

The Lowell Mills Lowell mills employed farm girls Lived in company-owned boarding-houses Worked 12 ½ hour days Young women came in spite of the noise because of high wages Between $2 - $4 a week Some men making that in factories Older women supervised the girls Enforced strict rules The rise in steam powered factories forced the mills to close (and others like them who used water power)

Picture of Mr. Gavin, the Speak Social Teacher (Mr Picture of Mr. Gavin, the Speak Social Teacher (Mr. Welchel’s former co-teacher) at the Lowell Mills

New Way to Manufacture Factories did many tasks in one place Increase efficiency Eli Whitney Interchangeable parts Made each part of a manufactured item exactly alike Reduced prices of goods The first picture is an exploded view of the type of guns that Whitney first designed using his interchangeable parts process. The second picture is an exploded view of an LCD tv. The last picture to come up through animation is a Nintendo 3DS.

Transportation Revolution Robert Fulton – creates boat powered by steam to transport people quicker Fulton used it to commercially to transport people up the Hudson River from New York City to upstate New York Roads built to connect cities During the presentation, click the blue box (after the information about the steamboat) behind the title to link to a history.com video about steamboats

Click the diagram “How Steam Engines Work” to link to a website that animates the picture

Communication Revolution Samuel Morse – creates the telegraph sends short pulses of electricity along a wire that could be translated into letters The telegraph took seconds to communicate to someone in another city

Agricultural Revolution John Deere Invents a lightweight plow with a steel cutting edge Designed for rich and heavy Midwestern soil Cyrus McCormick Invents a mechanical reaper to cut ripe grain Threshing machine separated kernels of wheat from the husks New farm equipment opened new markets to grow food

#1 & 2 – Steel Plow…#3/4/5 – Mechanical Reaper…#6 & 7 – Threshing Machine (#7 links to the wikipedia site about the threshing machine, which also has a couple of video clips showing how it works)