Review! Review! Review! Which system of government creates a weaker central government and a stronger state government? Which original document created a limited government? What is the enlightenment idea of social contract? What did the Anti-federalists demand be added to the Constitution and why? What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Organization of the U.S. Constitution EOC Review Organization of the U.S. Constitution Ms. Croy 7th Grade Civics

Goals Describe how the U.S. Constitution limits the powers of government through separation of powers and checks and balances Interpret the intentions of the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution

What is the Supremacy Clause? Section of the U.S. Constitution which says the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land This means that nothing can go against the Constitution. All state and local laws must be in line with the Constitution.

What is the Preamble to the U.S. Constitution? The first paragraph of the Constitution, which explains our goals and purposes of government

What are the goals listed in the Preamble? Phrase Meaning “We the People” “In order to form a more perfect union” “Establish Justice” “Insure Domestic tranquility” “Provide for the common defense” “Promote the general welfare” “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

What are the goals listed in the Preamble? Phrase Meaning “We the People” The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract “In order to form a more perfect union” “Establish Justice” “Insure Domestic tranquility” “Provide for the common defense” “Promote the general welfare” “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

What are the goals listed in the Preamble? Phrase Meaning “We the People” The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract “In order to form a more perfect union” To join together as a better nation “Establish Justice” “Insure Domestic tranquility” “Provide for the common defense” “Promote the general welfare” “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

What are the goals listed in the Preamble? Phrase Meaning “We the People” The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract “In order to form a more perfect union” To join together as a better nation “Establish Justice” To create a fair court system “Insure Domestic tranquility” “Provide for the common defense” “Promote the general welfare” “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

What are the goals listed in the Preamble? Phrase Meaning “We the People” The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract “In order to form a more perfect union” To join together as a better nation “Establish Justice” To create a fair court system “Insure Domestic tranquility” To have peace in our country “Provide for the common defense” “Promote the general welfare” “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

What are the goals listed in the Preamble? Phrase Meaning “We the People” The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract “In order to form a more perfect union” To join together as a better nation “Establish Justice” To create a fair court system “Insure Domestic tranquility” To have peace in our country “Provide for the common defense” To protect the people with military “Promote the general welfare” “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

What are the goals listed in the Preamble? Phrase Meaning “We the People” The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract “In order to form a more perfect union” To join together as a better nation “Establish Justice” To create a fair court system “Insure Domestic tranquility” To have peace in our country “Provide for the common defense” To protect the people with military “Promote the general welfare” To keep people safe/prosperous “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity”

What are the goals listed in the Preamble? Phrase Meaning “We the People” The people have popular sovereignty and agree to social contract “In order to form a more perfect union” To join together as a better nation “Establish Justice” To create a fair court system “Insure Domestic tranquility” To have peace in our country “Provide for the common defense” To protect the people with military “Promote the general welfare” To keep people safe/prosperous “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity” To ensure rights/freedom for the future of our nation

How does the Constitution limit the powers of government? Separation of powers System in which powers of the national government are divided among three branches. It was created to prevent a tyrannical government Checks and Balances System in which each branch of government limits/restricts the powers of the other branches

What are the powers divided among the three branches? Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Makes Laws Enforces Laws Interprets laws Coins money Sends troops Holds jurisdiction Regulates commerce Makes treaties Declares war Grants pardons Congress can also “stretch” the meaning of the Constitution with the Elastic Clause

What are the checks and balances of the three branches? The Executive Branch can: The Legislative branch can: The Judicial Branch can: Check the Legislative by vetoing laws Check the Executive by overriding a veto Check the Executive by declaring executive actions unconstitutional Check the Executive and Legislative by impeachment Check the Judicial by appointed judges Check the Legislative by saying a law is unconstitutional Check the Executive and Legislative by confirming appointments

Organization of the U.S. Constitution SWBAT understand the structure and function of the U.S. Federal government as established by the U.S. Constitution __________________ Section of the U.S. Constitution which states that the Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land, and that federal laws prevail over state laws   The first paragraph of the Constitution, which lists the six goals of government “We the People” Phrase in the Preamble which refers to the principle of popular sovereignty. The remaining goals of the preamble mean: “form a more perfect union” = ___________________________ “establish justice” = __________________________________ “insure domestic tranquility” = ___________________________ “provide for the common defense” = ______________________ “promote the general welfare” = _________________________ “secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity” = __________________________________________________ Elastic Clause Section of the U.S. Constitution which allows ________________ to stretch its power System in which each branch of government can restrict the other branches Examples of Checks and Balances ______________ can veto bills ______________ can override vetoes _____________________ can declare laws unconstitutional ______________ must confirm presidential nominations ______________ can impeach the President _________________ Powers of the national government are divided among three branches of government; concept developed my Baron de Montesquieu Supremacy Clause Preamble Join together as 1 nation Create a fair court system Peace in our nation Protect us with a military Keep us safe/prosperous Ensure freedom for the future of our nation Congress Checks and Balances President Congress Supreme Court Congress Congress Separation of Powers

Read the following passage from The Federalist Papers by James Madison (1788) “Montesquieu was guided…in saying “There can be no liberty where the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or body” … he did not mean that these departments ought to have NO CONTROL over the acts of each other” Based on this passage, which constitutional principle does Madison describe? a. Separation of powers b. Checks and balances c. Popular sovereignty d. Judicial review