Ocean chemistry strongly linked to land (chemical weathering), Fig. A Ocean chemistry strongly linked to land (chemical weathering), ocean biology, atmosphere (gas exchange), and ocean mixing

Major influence on surface chemistry of ocean Fig. 1 Some organic particles sink to deeper ocean before respiration

Bottom line: Production of organic molecules includes large amounts Fig. 3 Bottom line: Production of organic molecules includes large amounts of N & P as well as C

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Global Ocean Surface Curerrents

Effect of gyre rotation direction on vertical motion of water Upwelling brings nutrient rich deep water into the euphotic zone

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The cycling of some common atoms 1. CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 (H+ + HCO-3) 2. H+ + HCO- + CaCO3  Ca++ + 2HCO3 3. NaAlSi3O8 + 7 H2O + H2CO3  Al(OH)3 + Na+ + HCO-3 + 3H4SiO4 4. Ca++ +2 HCO3-  CaCO3 + 2H2O + CO2 5. Detrital minerals fall to ocean floor and are deposited with biogenic CaCO3 and opaline silica 6. Mg++ and SO4-- react with rocks of ocean ridge 7. Calcium carbonate and siliceous sediments are metamorphosed to form complex minerals. 8. As part of process in (7) CO2 and H2O are released and returned to the atmosphere through volcanoes

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