Yesterday and Today Previous Class (2.1): Worked on Unit 2 Map Project Homework Due Today (2.2): Complete Unit 2 Map Project. Today’s Agenda (2.2): Collect Unit 2 Map Project Notes for Topic 2.1

2.2: Virginia: The First Colony Unit 2: The Thirteen English Colonies (1606-1732)

I. Introduction In the first unit, we learned about the ten different European cultures that explored and claimed land in the New World. We cared the most about the Spanish, French, Dutch, and of course, the English. In this unit we will study the founding and early history of the English colonies in more detail.

II. Types of Colonies A. In order for a colony to be established, the monarchy had to first grant a charter. 1. charter – permission to establish a colony within a certain territory that grants the holder the right to establish a government within the basic framework of English law B. Four Types of Colonies: 1. proprietary colony – colony owned and governed by a single person, or a group of people, known as a proprietors 2. corporate colony – colony owned and governed by a corporation 3. charter colony – colony owned and governed by the individual settlers who form a government that is legally recognized by the monarchy 4. royal colony – colony owned and governed by the monarchy with a royal governor

C. Most of the colonies would begin as proprietary, corporate, or charter, but by the eve of the Revolutionary War, eight of the thirteen would become royal colonies

III. The Virginia Company A. The Virginia Company was a joint-stock company that received a charter in 1606 from James I to establish a colony on the east coast of North America. 1. joint-stock company – corporation that raises money by selling shares of ownership in it to investors B. The Virginia Company was divided into two branches that each received an identical charter, just for different territories: 1. Virginia Company of London (London Company): 34°N to 41°N 2. Virginia Company of Plymouth (Plymouth Company): 38°N to 45°N 3. In the overlapping territory (38°N and 41°N), the two companies were not to establish a colony within 100 miles of each other.

C. The London Company and Jamestown 1 C. The London Company and Jamestown 1. First Settlement: Jamestown, along the James River in Virginia 2. Date: 14 MAY 1607 3. Result: Successful, and will later grow into the colony of Virginia D. The Plymouth Company and Popham 1. First Settlement: Popham, along the Kennebec River in Maine 2. Date: 13 AUG 1607 3. Result: colony abandoned after one winter and the Plymouth Company becomes inactive E. Map of the Charter of 1606 (Presentation Only):

IV. Jamestown and Virginia A. Early Struggles: 1. Most of the colonists were gentlemen not used to work and wasted time looking for gold instead of tending to basic survival needs. a) Starving Time – specifically refers to the winter of 1609-1610 in Jamestown when approximately 80 percent of the colonists died 2. Two Early Leaders of Jamestown (Pictures are Presentation Only):

a) John Smith (1) Imposed order and discipline on the colony upon taking charge and famously said: “He that shall not work, shall not eat” (2) Possibly received help from an Indian princess named: Pocahontas (daughter of Wahunsenecawh, the chief of the Powhatan Indians) b) John Rolfe (1) 1611 - Gave the colony a way to make a profit by smuggling in and growing a Spanish variety of tobacco. (2) 1614 - Married Pocahontas, firmly establishing peace between Jamestown and the Powhatan Indians.

B. Now that Jamestown had a way to make money, the Virginia Company needed to recruit settlers to grow tobacco, so they begin the headright system. 1. headright – land grants of fifty acres to anyone who could pay their own journey to Virginia, an additional fifty acres was granted for every settler they paid to bring over 2. If you could not pay for your own journey, you came as an indentured servant. a. indentured servant – colonist who signed a contract to work for a set number of years in order to pay for their journey to the New World C. The Virginia Company established a form of representative government with an elected assembly called the House of Burgesses. D. Further charters were issued in 1609 and 1612 that enlarged the Virginia Company’s territory, even expanding it north and northwest to the Pacific Ocean.

1. Map of Sea to Sea Charter (1609) (Presentation Only)

E. With the death of Pocahontas (1617) and Wahunsenecawh (1618), the new chief Opechencanough renewed war against the English. 1. Indian Massacre of 1622 – uprising by the Powhatans that killed about one third of the Virginia colonists F. 1624 – James I revokes the failing Virginia Company’s charter and issues a new royal charter for Virginia.

V. Conclusion While Roanoke was the first English attempt at a colony, Jamestown was the first permanent and successful English colony in the New World, largely due to the commercial success of one cash crop, tobacco. The first settlement at Jamestown would eventually spread and grow into the larger colony of Virginia, which received a royal charter in 1624. In the next topic we will summarize the founding of the rest of the Southern Colonies, which like Virginia, also relied on the plantation agriculture of cash crops for their success.

Homework for Next Class Read Chapter 3, Section 1, Pages 62-70: The First English Settlements (Textbook). 2. Complete Guided Reading 3.1.