Over the last few years the tourism industry has grown, give reasons for this growth. (5 marks) There are 5 main reasons why the leisure industry has grown so you will need to mention all 5 points and give a short explanation of each as follows: Increased leisure time - The number of hours in the working week have decreased. This means people have more time for leisure activities. Paid holidays - People no longer need to save up their income through unpaid holidays. Now people have that extra money to spend. More disposable income - People are paid more now so they are able to spend money on less important items like leisure activities. Improved transport - Transport has become cheaper, easier and faster. This makes it easier for people to get to leisure activities and means many more holidays can be taken abroad. Wider choice - There is now a wider choice of leisure activities so there is something for everyone to enjoy

Using examples that you have studied, explain how tourism can benefit and disadvantage an area. (10 marks) You need to use a case study for this answer. We have used Cambodia. We have given advantages and disadvantages and explained each which should be enough to gain maximum marks: Advantages: Ecotourism is thriving here which helps the animal welfare movement. Young people don't have to go away to find work but can work in the animal sanctuaries, shops and hotels. The tourists bring in money and spend it in local shops etc which benefits the economy of the area. They also pay to experience a day as a bear keeper or walk around Ankor Wats. This higher income can then be spent by the locals to improve their businesses. The government gets a lot more money from taxes which can be used to improve the infrastructure of the area. Local trades and charities help the children to make crafts through art therapy sessions. This benefits the child psychologically and economically as people can sell them to the tourists. More facilities available for tourists which can also be used by local people. Disadvantages: Traditional ways of life have changed as they are exposed to Western culture. Beaches are changed into Western party venues. Tourists can take advantage of the weak law enforcement and participate in CST

Give an example of the conflicts that can occur in a National Park that you have studied. (8 marks) For this question you will need to use a case study of a National Park. We have used Machu Picchu . Machu Picchu was declared a World Heritage cultural and natural site in 1983 and comprises about 80,000 acres. Conflicts can occur: It is a site of spiritual, cultural and historical interest. The national people try to preserve it from the impacts of tourism. Tourist activities cause conflicts: Popular walking areas suffer from erosion. They can spoil the landscape by churning up the grass into mud. The locals did not receive any of the money tourists paid for tickets to help them meet with the increased demands on their town and resources. A hotel wanted to place a Cable Car to transport tourists despite the damages this would cause to the landscape. Cars cause traffic jams at popular times and make air pollution. There are not enough parking spaces for cars so they have to park in the road and on grass. Tourists leave behind their rubbish which annoys the local community. Conservationists are annoyed at damage to environment - flowers picked, erosion etc. Habitats destroyed for land to build car parks, hotels on. Flights of incoming tourists makes a lot of noise pollution for the locals.

Tourism in LEDCs can have advantages and disadvantages Tourism in LEDCs can have advantages and disadvantages. Using a LEDC you have studied explain this statement. (8 marks) The example we have used is Kenya. The climate of Kenya is very good with a maximum of 27°C. The temperature only changes from 25°C - 27°C which gives a steady, warm, reliable climate. Advantages: Provides direct employment in hotels, bars, shops, safari tours. Also provides indirect employment e.g. souvenir makers, builders etc. Provides a much needed input of foreign currency. Attracts foreign investment in hotels and bars. Improves the infrastructure (roads, hospitals, ports etc). Disadvantages: The tourists can pollute and damage the environment. People that work in the tourism trade benefit but people who don't can be worse off - decline in traditional employment. LEDC’s tend to have unstable governments which can spark civil unrest which will then impact their livelihoods as tourists stop coming. Breaks down the traditional culture. Tourism tends to be limited to certain areas. Country can rely on tourism too much and fail to develop other industries.