NOTES, PART I: HISTORY AND FAMILIES ON THE PERIODIC TABLE

HISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART I The originator of the periodic table was russian chemist dmitri mendeleev (1834-1907). He originally ordered the periodic table by increasing atomic mass, with elements having common properties under each other.

A copy of the first periodic table: Obviously, this is a work in progress.

HISTORY OF THE TABLE, PART II The next person to improve on the periodic table was Henry Mosley. He had the idea to order the table based on the atomic number, instead of the mass, giving us a table much like the one we now have today!

Periodic Law When the elements are arranged in order of atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties. This is called the Periodic Law.

Breakdown of the Periodic Table The periodic table is broken down into rows, called periods, And columns called groups or families. 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Representative Elements All of the elements found in the s-orbital and p-orbital areas are called the representative elements.

Non- metals Metals Metals and Nonmetals Metal/Nonmetal Line-separates metals from non-metals on the periodic table Metals Non- metals

Metals and Nonmetals, cont. Metals have a high electrical conductivity and a high luster when clean. They are ductile and malleable. Nonmetals are generally non-lustrous and are poor conductors of electricity. Gold is a typical metal Helium and other gases are nonmetals

Metalloids Metalloids show properties of both metals and nonmetals—they are on both sides of the metal/nonmetal line.

Alkali Metals Group 1A is called the Alkali Metals These are the most reactive elements on the periodic table.

Alkaline Earth Metals Next to the alkali metals come the alkaline earth metals

Other Metals Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals Other metals include transition metals, inner transition metals (a.k.a. rare earth metals) and other metals. Transition Metals Inner Transition Metals Other Metals

Inner Transition Metals Inside the inner transition metal group, there are two categories: The Lanthanide Series, which is the top row in the inner transition metal, and the actinide series which is the second row.

Halogens Halogens are a group of reactive non-metals.

Noble Gases Noble Gases Make up the last column of the periodic table.

Noble Gases Noble gases are special because they are unreactive. This is because they have a completely full outside energy level, making them more stable than other elements.

Carbon, Nitrogen,Oxygen Families C a r b o n Family N i t r o g e n Family O x y g e n Family

Carbon, Nitrogen,Oxygen Families Because of the fact that they are bisected by the metal/ nonmetal line and don’t have as many similar properties, they are more of a loose grouping. The oxygen group also carries the name chalcogens.