Step by step process of the fiber to the yarn to the fabric. From Fibers to Fabric: Step by step process of the fiber to the yarn to the fabric.

Types of Fibers There are 2 main types of fibers. Natural and Manufactured

Natural Fibers Sources: Animals Plants Natural Fibers come from Animals and Plants or Protein and Cellulose.

Protein Fibers Protein Fibers are the fibers that come from animals. Examples of these are Camels hair, wool from sheep, and silk from silk worm cocoons.

Cellulose Fibers Cellulose fibers are the fibers that come from plants. Cotton comes from cotton trees, linen comes from flax plants.

Manufactured or Synthetic Fibers Chemical or Protein Manufactured or Synthetic Fibers are chemically treated fibers, some are based on protein or animal fibers. Pictured is a beaker.

Name Generic Name Trade Name Spandex Lycra® Manufactured fibers have 2 names. The generic name which is the general or common name. And the Trade Name which is the name that company that made it gives it. Spandex is an example of a generic name and Lycra is the example of the trade name for Spandex. Lycra®

Types Acetate Rayon Acrylic Spandex Nylon Triacetate Polyester These are some of the types of manufactured or synthetic fibers that are out there.

Yarns Fibers overlapped and twisted together Yarns are fibers that are overlapped and twisted together.

Types Monofilament Multifilament Spun There are 3 types of yarns. Spun Yarns .made from short fibers .create pills in sweaters Monofilament Yarns .made from single fiber .used in hosiery and to in ready to wear garments Multifilament Yarns .group of fibers, strong silk and all manufactured fibers

Twist amount varies and increases strength very low twist - just barely holds together low twist - fluffy - weak average twist for short fibers high twist hard and compact .Twist is added to yarns .amount added to yarn varies .added to increase strength .very low twist for multifilament, used just to hold fibers together .low twist, spun are fluffy, but weak (pill easy) .average twist most common for short fibers .high twist, hard and compact, less common, in voile and crepe fabrics

Texture given to manufactured fibers adds bulk, stretch, less static Texture is added to manufactured fibers it adds bulk, stretch and creates less static.

Types of Texture There are 3 types of texture given. .Types .crimped .looped .coiled

fibers matted together and glued Fabric Construction woven of knit yarns fibers matted together and glued The yarns are then made into fabric, they are either woven or knit together,or the fibers are matted together and glued.

Woven Fabrics Woven Fabrics have different types of weaves.

Plain Weave The first type is plain weave. Characteristics Fairly strong Easy to sew Examples Shirts Dresses

Satin Weave Next is Satin Weave Characteristics Snags Less Durable Wrinkles Shows Stains Hard to Sew With Examples Dressy Blouse Fancy Dresses

Twill Weave 3rd is Twill Weave Characteristics Fairly strong Wrinkle resistant Hides Soil Examples Denim Gabardine

Basket Weave 4th is Basket Weave Characteristics Variation of Plain Weave Examples Oxford Monks Cloth

Pile Weave Last is Pile Weave Examples Corduroy Velvet Terry Cloth Flannel

Returns to Original Shape Knits Stretches Returns to Original Shape Wrinkle Resistant The next way fabric is created is by knitting. .Characteristics .stretches .returns to original shape .wrinkle resistant .Examples .T shirt .Active wear Knit has 2 different types though.

Warp Knits vertical rows of loops - tricot jersey - lace - raschel knit The first kinds Warp knit .Warp knit is formed by knitting vertical rows of loops .The types of Warp knit are: tricot jersey lace raschel knit The picture is an example of lace

Weft Knit loops made as yarn added in crosswise direction double knit jersey rib knit pile knit jersey velour purl knit The other kind of knit is Weft Knit Here the loops are made as yarn added in crosswise direction The types or weft knit are double knit jersey rib knit pile knit jersey velour purl knit

Non Woven no grain no stretch or give requires special sewing techniques Then the last type of fabric is non woven. This is where the fibers are matted together and glued. .Characteristics .no grain .no stretch or give .requires special sewing techniques .

Non Wovens Here are some examples of Non Wovens. Examples .interfacing .diapers (pictured) .hospital gowns (pictured) and sheets .cleaning cloths .felt (pictured)

changes fiber properties to create a better product Fabric Finishes changes fiber properties to create a better product After the fabric is made it is then sometimes given a finish to give it some characteristics that may be beneficial to the fabric but doesn’t have. There are several different types of finishes but we are just going to talk about 4. They are Permanent, Shrinkage Resistant, Soil Release, and Flame Retardant.

Permanent Finish heat set improves fabric resistance to wrinkling stains difficult to remove no need to iron .Permanent .heat set .improves fabric resistance to wrinkling .stains difficult to remove .no need to iron

Shrinkage Resistant reduce shrinkage .Shrinkage Resistant

aids in removing dirt, oil, and grease Soil Release aids in removing dirt, oil, and grease .Soil Release aid in removing dirt, oil, and grease

Flame Retardant resists burning .Flame Retardant resist burning

Dyeing changes color of finished product can be done at fiber, yarn, and fabric stage printing is done at fabric stage only To give fabric the variety of color it needs it has to be dyed. This can be done at the fiber stage (only if synthetic), yarn stage, or fabric stage. If you want to create a design on the fabric by printing this can be done only after the fabric has been created and dyed (if necessary).

Care Labels Law Required - Fiber Content - Care Instructions - Country of Origin All fabric whether made into clothing or just wrapped on a bolt is required by law to have a care label. The care label has to have fiber content, and care instructions, and the country of origin. Pictured: care instructions symbol sheet.

Care Requirement washing method drying method bleach type iron temperature Care Instructions are Required to give: .Washing Method .Water Temperature .Drying Method .Drying Temperature .Bleach Type (or if useable) .Iron Temperature (if useable) Pictured: Washing machine, Dryer, Liquid bleach, Oxygen bleach, and Iron.