Biology 7th Grade Midterm Review Created by Educational Technology Network. www.edtechnetwork.com 2009

POWERPOINT JEOPARDY Cells Cell Processes Reproduction Heredity DNA 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50

What is a cell? The smallest functional and structural unit of all living things.

What is the Cell Theory? All organisms are made up of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of all organisms. All cells come from existing cells.

What are the four important major molecules in cells? Lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and nucleic acids

What organelles are found only in plant cells? What organelles are found only in animal cells? Plant cells have a cell wall, large central vacuole and chloroplast. Animal cells have lysosomes.

By what processes do cells exchange material? Passive transport (diffusion and osmosis) Active transport (endocytosis and exocytosis)

What is homeostasis? Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment.

What are the starting reactants and the products of photosynthesis?

In what organelle does photosynthesis occur In what organelle does photosynthesis occur? What is the green pigment called that these organelles contain? Chloroplasts & Chlorophyll

What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?

How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected? The products of photosynthesis are the reactants of cellular respiration and vice versa.

What are the 3 stages of the cell cycle? What are the stages of Mitosis? Cell cycle = interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis Mitosis = Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

When does the DNA duplicate in the cell cycle When does the DNA duplicate in the cell cycle? What is the final product of Mitosis? The DNA is duplicated in preparation for cell division during interphase. The final product of Mitosis is two identical cells.

What is the meaning of homologous chromosomes, gametes, and haploid? Homologous chromosomes carry the same genes. Sex cells are known as gametes and cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes are known as haploid.

What are the phases of Meiosis and what are the final products of Meiosis? The phases of mitosis include Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, and Telophase I. They also include Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, and Telophase II and cytokinesis. The final product of Meiosis are four new haploid cells.

What is asexual reproduction and what are the four types What is asexual reproduction and what are the four types? What is sexual reproduction and fertilization? Asexual reproduction is when one organism produces one of more new organisms that are identical to itself. The four types are binary fission, spores, budding, and vegetative reproduction. Sexual reproduction is when two organisms each contribute a sex cell to create a new organism. Fertilization is when a sperm cell and an egg cell join together.

What is heredity and who is known as the father of genetics? Heredity is the passing of genetic material from parents to offspring and Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics.

Who was Gregor Mendel and what did he study and find? Gregor Mendel was an Austrian monk that studied the characteristics of pea plants in his garden. Mendel hypothesized that each plant must have two heritable factors for each trait of the characteristics, one from each parent.

What is a true breeding plant and what are dominant and recessive alleles? A true breeding plant is one that will always produce offspring with a certain trait when allowed to self pollinate. Dominant alleles contribute to the phenotype if one or two copies are present in the genotype. Recessive alleles contribute to the phenotype only when two copies of it are present.

What are genotype and phenotype? Genotype is the combination of alleles that you inherit from your parents and phenotype is the observable traits that you have.

What happens in incomplete dominance, codominance, and complete dominance? Incomplete dominance = each allele in a heterozygous individual influences the phenotype. Codominance = both of the alleles in a heterozygous individual contribute to the phenotype. Complete dominance = one trait is completely dominant over another.

What scientist made x-ray images of DNA and should have won the Nobel for discovering DNA? Rosalind Franklin

The structure of DNA is known as a twisted ladder called a_________? Double Helix

What is a nucleotide. What materials make a nucleotide What is a nucleotide? What materials make a nucleotide? What are the four main nucleotides? A nucleotide is a building block of DNA and is made up of a base, a sugar, and a phosphate group. The four main nucleotides are Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine.

What is DNA replication and what are the three mutations that can occur during this process? DNA replication is when a cell makes copies of the DNA molecules and the three mutations that can occur during this process are deletion, insertion, and substitution.

What occurs during transcription and what occurs during translation What occurs during transcription and what occurs during translation? This is called protein synthesis. Transcription is when an RNA copy is made out of a necessary section of DNA. This RNA then carries a set of instructions for making a protein. This involved DNA and messenger RNA (mRNA). During this process thymine is replaced by uracil. The process of making proteins from RNA is called translation. This process takes place in the ribosome, which is made out of rRNA . This is called protein synthesis.