We will analyze the issues of the Constitutional Convention (including the Great and the 3/5ths Compromises) using pair shares and a foldable. 1

The problems in creating a new Congress REPRESENTATION whoever has the most representatives will have the most power SLAVERY? How do they count in taxation, representation? Should slave trade continue? Runaways? 2

Questions to Consider How should the problem of representation be in Congress be solved? Should it be based on population? Should each state be represented equally and there be an equal number of representatives from each state? How should slaves be counted in each state’s population? Should slave trading be permitted? How should the issue of runaway slaves be addressed? Pass out booklet 3

Why did it matter? The amount of money the federal government of the USA received in taxes was paid by the states and based upon the number of people in each state – the more people in a state, the more taxes a state had to pay. If representation in the new U.S. Congress was based on population, then states with greater populations would have more representatives in Congress. The states were used to having equal representation and consequently equal power. Changing the way representatives were chosen could give one region power over the others.

Who would have the most representatives if the new Congress was based on each state’s population? Quick Pair Share Discuss answer with partner Be ready to respond to teacher Complete the two top squares in the foldable. What would large states say? What would small states say?

Quick Pair Share Discuss answer with partner Be ready to respond to teacher Complete the bottom squares in the foldable. What would the South say? What would the North say?

Southern States

Two Ideas Take Shape New Jersey Plan Virginia Plan William Paterson Favored by? Each state gets one representative vote, no matter the population Each state would have an equal opportunity to get laws passed What do YOU think? How would YOU vote? Why? Edmund Randolph Favored by? Number of legislative representatives for each state determined by the population of that state Therefore: If your state has more people, you get more representatives What do YOU think? How would YOU vote? Why? 8

The Compromises The Great Compromise The 3/5 Compromise Bicameral (two house) legislature – one chosen by state’s total population and one based on equality of states. 3/5 slaves will count toward a state’s total population and toward how much a state owes for tax purposes. Add the insert to your booklet, and explain each of the compromises in your own words and/or diagrams. 9

Slave Trade Compromise Fugitive Slave Compromise Slave trading could NOT be outlawed for 20 years – 1808. Everyone agreed and believed at the time that slavery would die out naturally. 20 years would give Southern planters opportunities to develop new means of economics. States were required to return runaway slaves to their owners. The federal government now had power to put down “domestic rebellions” which included slave insurrections.

The result was Article I of the Constitution we use even today! Which of the seven principles on this week’s vocab/hw do you see at work here? Pair Share Be ready to respond Read text from hyperlink

Reflection - Homework Due Wednesday, December 18 1. Examine the table above. Think about the founding fathers attending the Constitutional Convention for almost four months in 1787. How badly did these men want a new constitution for the United States? Support your answer. 2. Think about the compromises above. How many are still represented in the Constitution today. 3. So did the compromises above “work” - that is, did they lead to the adoption of a strong and lasting document? Support your answer. 4. Do you think the Constitution was a proslavery document when created? What about now? Support your answer.