THE BODY STRUCTURE + FUNCTION

BODY STRUCTURE Purpose of the Skeleton Muscle Function Tendons, Cartilage and Ligament function Joints

PURPOSE OF THE SKELETON Supports your body Protects vital organs Enables movement Blood is produced within longer bones Task: Complete the following using these words – Organs, Movements, Blood, Body Your Skeleton has four major functions, it supports your _______, it protects vital _______. _______ is produced within longer bones and it enables _ to occur.

MUSCLE FUNCTION Muscles work in pairs or groups As one muscle RELAXES and LENGTHENS the other CONTRACTS and SHORTENS. They allow joints to FLEX (bend) or EXTEND (straighten). It is important for good posture. Task: Explain how a volleyball players leg muscles work to help them gain height in blocking the ball.

TENDONS, CARTILAGE AND LIGAMENT FUNCTION TENDONS attach MUSCLE to BONE. CARTILAGE, at the end of the bones acts as a cushion to protect. LIGAMENTS join BONE to BONE to provide stability. Task: Muscles are attached to the bones by a connective tissue known as_______. ________ join bones to other bones and help provide stability. ________acts as a cushion to protect bones.

JOINTS Joints are where the bones meet. The Ball and Socket joint allows movement in all directions. The Hinge joint allows movement in one direction (open, close like a door). Task: Explain the difference between a ball and socket and a hinge joint. Name two hinge joints and two ball and socket joints.

OXYGEN TRANSPORT SYSTEM This system enables you to exercise and includes: The Respiratory System – Lungs The Circulatory System – Heart Both systems work together to provide muscles with oxygen.

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Enables air to be breathed in. When you breathe in oxygen enters your lungs and is absorbed into your blood. Blood is pumped round your body by your heart. Blood carries oxygen to the working muscles. Task: Explain how oxygen gets into the body and then to the working muscles.

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM The Heart is a muscular pump. As the heart beats it pumps blood round the body – this is called your pulse rate. Arteries carry blood Away from the heart to the organs and muscles. Veins return blood to the heart. Task: Describe the job of your heart.

THE BENEFITS OF TRAINING Good for Heart and Lungs. Increases the capacity of the Heart. It enables more blood to be pushed around the body following a contraction. It lowers the heart rate – the lower your heart rate the fitter you are. A normal resting heart rate is between 50-80 beats per min and during training can increase to around 200 bpm. Your recover quicker. (time it takes for heart to return to normal) Increased capacity of the lungs to take in oxygen Task: Describe three benefits of regular exercise for your heart.

HOW TO INCREASE OXYGEN UPTAKE DURING EXERCISE

EFFECTS ON PERFORMANCE COURT COVERAGE SUPPORT DEFENCE SUPPORT ATTACK BETTER LEVEL OF SKILL AT END CONFIDENCE TASK: DISCUSS THE EFFECTS OF IMPROVED HEART AND LUNG FUNCTION IN PERFORMING IN AN ACTIVITY OF YOUR CHOICE