1. Structure and Movement
Ch. 14

2. The Skeletal System
Lesson 1

3. Functions of the Skeletal System
Support
Bones provide support for the rest of your body
Movement
Bones move because they are attached to muscles.
Skeletal and Muscular System work together to move your body

4. Functions of the Skeletal Systems
Protection
Bones protect fragile tissues
Brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs and others
Production and Storage
Bones produce Red Blood Cells
Bones store fat and calcium
When calcium is needed, it’s released from bones into your blood

5. Structure of Bones Compact Bone Tissue: Hard, outer portion
Spongy Bone Tissue: Less dense
Bone marrow: Soft tissue
Red Marrow: Makes red blood cells
Yellow Marrow: Stores fat

6. Structure of Bones
Cartilage: A strong, flexible tissue that covers the end of bones
Periosteum: Membrane that surround bone
Growth Plate: Region that produces cartilages which is then replaced by bone

7. Joints A Joint is a place where two or more bones meet
Joints enable a skeleton to move
Bones are connected to other bones by tissues called ligaments
When bones in joints move, ligaments stretch and keep bones from shifting away from each other
Immovable Joints contain bones that connect but do not move
Movable Joints allow for a wide range of motion

9. The Muscular System
Lesson 2

10. Functions of the Muscular System
Movement
Stability
Some muscles are attached to bone and cause movement of the body
Other muscles are not attached to bone and cause blood and food to move
Tendons attach muscle to bone
Tendons work with muscles and keep joints in place when your body moves

11. Functions of the Muscular System
Protection
Temperature Regulation
Muscles cover most of your skeleton and the organs inside your body
Muscles act as a layer of padding
Shivering is when muscles contract rapidly and change chemical energy into thermal energy
Thermal energy helps to raise your body’s temperature

12. Skeletal Muscle
Muscle that attaches to bone
Voluntary
Striated

13. Cardiac Muscle
Found only in the Heart
Involuntary
Striated

14. Smooth Muscle Named for smooth appearance
Helps move blood and food through body
Involuntary
Not Striated

15. Healthy Muscles and Homeostasis
When you exercise, your cells need more oxygen and release more waste, such as CO2
The Cardiac muscles of your heart help maintain homeostasis by contracting more often (heart beating)
As the heart contracts faster, the heart pumps more blood, and more O2 is carried to the cells
Muscles benefit from a healthy diet and require energy to contract
Exercise also helps keep muscles healthy
Muscle cells decrease in size and strength without exercise
Decreased size and strength can increase the risk of heart disease and bone injuries and make joints less stable