Cardiovascular System Chapter 7

Cardiovascular System Overview Consists of the heart and blood vessels The heart pumps blood throughout the body Blood vessels transport blood throughout the body

The Heart Muscular Organ Hollow interior Pumps blood throughout the body Four chambers Upper chambers Lower chambers

Structure of the Heart Four Chambers Right atrium (upper chamber) Left atrium (upper chamber) Right ventricle (lower chamber) Left ventricle (lower chamber) Septum — divides heart into right and left portions Interatrial septum — separates the atria Interventricular septum — separates the ventricles

Structure of the Heart (continued) Valves — Open and close with the heartbeat to maintain one-way flow of blood through the heart tricuspid valve — located between right atrium and right ventricle mitral (bicuspid) valve — located between left atrium and left ventricle pulmonary semilunar valve — opening from right ventricle to pulmonary artery aortic valve — located between left ventricle and aorta

Layers of the Heart endocardium myocardium epicardium membrane that lines the interior cavities of the heart myocardium Thick, muscular layer epicardium Outer membrane Pericardium is the loose, protective sac that surrounds and encloses the heart

Structures of the Heart

Blood Vessels arteries aorta arterioles vessels that carry blood from the heart to arterioles aorta large artery branching from the left ventricle arterioles small vessels receive blood from the arteries

Blood Vessels capillaries venules veins (continued) capillaries tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules venules small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins veins vessels that carry blood to the heart from the venules

Coronary Arteries

Blood and Lymph Circulation

Arteries

Veins

Blood Pressure Force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the arteries, veins and heart chambers Determined by the volume of blood, the space within the arteries and arterioles, and the force of the heart contractions

Blood Pressure Terms diastole systole normotension period in the cardiac cycle when blood enters the relaxed ventricles from the atria systole period in the cardiac cycle when the heart is in contraction and blood is ejected through the aorta and pulmonary artery normotension normal blood pressure

Blood Pressure Terms hypotension hypertension low blood pressure (continued) hypotension low blood pressure hypertension high blood pressure

Blood Pressure Determination

Conditions Causing Reduction of Blood Flow

Types of Aneurysms

Coronary Artery Disease