Chapter 1 Section 2: The study of Earth Science Remember to write the Key terms with enough space to define them in your ISN! Please write Key Concepts also, but you do not need to respond to them in the same way. They are for you to think about, and for you to remember what these sections were about without having to open the book. Geologist Oceanographer Meteorologist Astronomer Environmental scientist Key Concepts: Key terms: What are the big ideas of Earth Science? Earth Science What are the branches of Earth Science? System Energy How do Earth scientists use models? Constructive Force

Section 2: Study of Earth Science What do Earth Scientists study? What are the big ideas? They use several big ideas to guide their work The earth is 4.6 billion years old! Earth science – the term for knowledge about earth and its place in the universe.

Big idea #1. Structure of the Earth System Scientists divide the earth’s system (system: a group of parts that work together as a whole) into four parts: Lithosphere - crust Hydrosphere – liquid Atmosphere - air Biosphere – life These spheres are linked, so a change in one sphere can affect all the other parts. Matter and energy constantly move from one part to other parts. Energy is the ability to do work or cause change.

The spheres. Interacting The spheres! Interacting! They work together as a whole so they are a system!

How would a change in the hydrosphere affect the lithosphere? How would a change in the biosphere affect the atmosphere? Practice questions:

The sun and the earth’s interior The sun and the heat from the earth’s interior provide a lot of energy for Earth’s processes. the sun affects the water cycle by causing evaporation of water the earth’s interior heat creates energy for volcanoes. The sun and the earth’s interior

Quick Review! What is a hypothesis? a possible explanation for a set of observations (MUST BE TESTABLE!!) What is a variable? a factor that can change in an experiment Where do we begin scientific inquiry? posing questions and/or making observations Explain the difference between scientific theory and scientific law. a theory explains observations scientists have made a law describes a pattern in nature that scientists expect to find every time under a certain set of conditions Allllllllllll rightttt!!! If you had problems with these questions, remember to review section 1 again. Doing a little reviewing at a time will HELP you. I will do my best to help you review regularly, but you need to spend a little time on your own (or with friends!) reviewing material we’ve gone over.

Big idea #2. Earth’s history Earth’s surface has changed over time. Constructive forces: shape Earth’s surface by building up mountains and landmasses Destructive forces: slowly wear away mountains and other features of Earth We’ll talk more about these forces as we go along. Right now just know that these two kinds of forces have shaped Earth, and know the difference between the two.

Big idea #3. Earth in the Solar System This is another subject we will come back to in later chapters! For now, know that Earth scientists study other planets and objects in the solar system to help them understand Earth and its history. (like astronomers  )

Branches of Earth Science The ones we’ll learn about are: Geology Oceanography Meteorology Astronomy Environmental Science What do each of these kinds of scientists study, and what might their roles be in the preservation of Earth? Why are these kinds of science important to Earth?

Geology! Geologists study: Forces that have shaped Earth Rocks and their formations; soils Land masses Geology!

Oceanography Oceanographers study: Earth’s oceans! The chemistry of oceans The shape of oceans Living things in oceans OCEANS!! Oceanography

Meteorology Meteorologists study: Conditions in the atmosphere from around the world Meteorology

Astronomy Astronomers study: The universe beyond Earth Some focus on just our solar system Others focus on huge expanses of the universe Astronomy

Environmental Science Environmental scientists study: Earth’s environment and resources The effects of human activities on Earth’s land, air, water, and living things. They try to solve problems like pollution. Environmental Science

Using Models in Earth Science Why do scientists use models? They’re smaller, easier representatives of a larger scale item or process Physical models Computer simulations

What you should know from this section: The key terms Why scientists use models The kinds of earth science listed How the spheres affect one another

Practice questions! What kinds of forces erode the earth? What are scientists who study weather called? Why do scientists use models? Is the earth a system? Can you say the order of the scientific method? What is the difference between a scientific theory and a scientific law? What is a model that imitates something in the real world called? Review sections 1 and 2 of chapter 1. You will be tested on these sections. We will talk more about this tomorrow.