Grade 8 Science unit 3: fluids & viscosity

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Presentation transcript:

Grade 8 Science unit 3: fluids & viscosity Chapter 8: Density describes the amount of mass in a given volume of a substance.

density A measure of the mass contained in a given volume. A substance with a lower density will float on substances with higher densities.

Density and the PTM The PTM states that different substances have different sized particles. The PTM also states that there are spaces between the particles.

The greater the spaces between the particles, the less particles therefore the lower the density. Ex. Water vapour has a lower density than liquid water.

In general, gases are less dense than liquids and liquids are less dense than solids.

Calculating density You must know the mass and volume of a substance first. Mass: the amount of matter in a substance. Volume: the amount of space occupied by the substance.

To measure the volume of an irregular shape, you will need to determine the amount of water it displaces.

Formula: Density = Mass (m) Volume (V)

Sample problems 1. Find the density of a 10g mass of a substance that has a volume of 2.0 cm³. D=m D=10g V 2.0cm³ D=5.0g/cm³

2. You want to put 10g of salt into a container 2. You want to put 10g of salt into a container. What is the volume of the container if the salt completely fills it? V= m V= 10g D 2.16g/cm³ V= 4.63cm³

What is the mass of 1500mL of helium. m= D x V m= 0 What is the mass of 1500mL of helium? m= D x V m= 0.0002g/mL x 1500mL m= 0.3g

Assignment: Complete the practice problems on pages 312- 314.

“Determining Density” Core Lab Activity 8-2B: Pg. 316-319 “Determining Density”

Temperature & density Increasing temperature will cause the particles in a substance in gain energy, spread out and take up less space. Results in decreased density.

Examples/ applications... Hot air balloons Warm vs. cool tire pressure Water in each of its three states (water as a solid is less dense as the particles move apart as they freeze)

Drying wood Salt water is more dense Swim bladder (fish) Submarines