The English Reformation

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Presentation transcript:

The English Reformation

King Henry VIII B. 1491 – D. 1547 Became king in 1509; 18 yrs old His brother Arthur died in 1502 at age 15 Arthur had been married to the Spanish princess Catherine of Aragon

Catherine of Aragon Daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain Married Henry VIII in 1509; what about Arthur? 20 year marriage Suffered 4 miscarriages and several stillbirths Only 1 child lives-Mary (b. 1516)

“The King’s Great Matter” Henry VIII wanted a male heir; Catherine was not able to have any more children Why not just get a divorce? Henry asked for an annulment based on Catherine’s marriage to Arthur. (Leviticus) The pope refused to grant it. Why? The Holy Roman Emperor was Charles V…Catherine’s nephew.

“The King’s Great Matter” Affair- Anne Boleyn 1529- Henry breaks from the Church Irony: Henry had once been named “Defender of the Faith” by the pope. 1532- Anne becomes pregnant 1533- Parliament legalizes his divorce 1534- Act of Supremacy

Anne Boleyn 1533- Henry marries Anne and she gives birth: Elizabeth Anne then suffers 2 miscarriages. Anne is accused of adultery and beheaded in 1536.

Dissolution of the Monasteries 1536-1539: H8 closed all English monasteries and seized wealth and land. Catholic Church owned 20% of all land in England. Greatly increased Henry’s wealth. Led to massive poverty among monks and nuns.

Jane Seymour Henry married Jane Seymour 10 days after Anne’s execution. She gave birth to his only son, Prince Edward in 1537, but died 12 days later. Henry wanted more sons as insurance.

Anne of Cleves Married Henry in 1540. “Flanders mare” Brief marriage was annulled. Why? No chemistry.

Katherine Howard Married Henry in 1540. He was 49; she was 19. She had affairs; was beheaded in 1542.

Katherine Parr Married Henry in 1543. She was a widow; she outlived Henry and remarried after his death. Kind stepmother. Compared to his 1st wife.

King Edward VI When H8 died in 1547, his only son became king. Edward was only 9. Govt. was run by Protestant advisors. Died in 1553 at the age of 15. (TB) His advisors picked his cousin, Jane Grey to succeed him. The “9 days queen”

Queen Mary I R. 1553-1558 Known in history as “Bloody Mary” Repealed everything Protestant. Turned England back to Catholicism. Passed Heresy Act-killed 300 Protestants during her reign.

Queen Elizabeth I

Elizabeth I (1558-1603) Glorified as strongest female monarch in England’s history. “Good Queen Bess” Known for being tolerant and moderate in religious issues. Reestablished Protestantism, but not too strict. Her changes lasted-The Church of England (Anglican Church) is still in place today with the same policies she established.