Joints Articulations Chapter 9.

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Presentation transcript:

Joints Articulations Chapter 9

Joint Classifications Structural Classification Fibrous Cartilaginous Synovial Functional Classification Synarthrosis Amphiarthrosis Diarthrosis

Fibrous Joints Lack a synovial cavity Bones held closely together by fibrous connective tissue 3 structural types sutures syndesmoses gomphoses

Sutures Thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull Immovable (synarthrosis) If fuse completely in adults is synostosis

Syndesmoses Fibrous joint bones united by ligament Slightly movable (amphiarthrosis)

Gomphoses Ligament holds cone-shaped peg in bony socket Immovable (synarthrosis)

Cartilaginous Joints Lacks a synovial cavity Allows little or no movement Bones tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage 2 types synchondroses symphyses

Synchondroses Connecting material is hyaline cartilage Immovable (synarthrosis)

Symphyses Fibrocartilage is connecting material Slightly movable (amphiarthroses)

Synovial Joints Synovial cavity separates articulating bones Freely moveable (diarthroses) Articular cartilage reduces friction absorbs shock Articular capsule surrounds joint thickenings in fibrous capsule called ligaments Synovial membrane inner lining of capsule secretes synovial fluid containing hyaluronic acid slippery) brings nutrients to articular cartilage

Movements of Synovial Joints Gliding

Movements of Synovial Joints Angular Movements

Movements of Synovial Joints Angular Movements - abduction and adduction

Movements of Synovial Joints Angular Movements - circumduction

Movements of Synovial Joints Rotation

Movements of Synovial Joints Special Movements

Movements of Synovial Joints

Types of Synovial Joints

Joints Summary

Hip Replacement

Knee Replacement

Knee Replacement

Rheumatoid Arthritis Autoimmune disorder Cartilage attacked Inflammation, swelling & pain Final step is fusion of joint

Osteoarthritis Degenerative joint disease aging, wear & tear Noninflammatory---no swelling only cartilage is affected not synovial membrane Deterioration of cartilage produces bone spurs restrict movement Pain upon awakening--disappears with movement

Gouty arthritis Uric acid crystals build up in joints---pain waste product of DNA & RNA metabolism builds up in blood deposited in cartilage causing inflammation & swelling Bones fuse

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