Chapter 8 Plants: Section 1 By Mrs. T.

THINK ABOUT IT! Your feet are permanently encased in a block of concrete. YOU CAN NOT MOVE AROUND! What would you need & do to ensure survival?

Plants: Plants are much like us with our feet encased in concrete… They can not move around. They must have water to survive. They must have nutrients to live. They must have a way to stand tall in order to obtain sunlight. They must have a way for water & nutrients & food to reach all parts of the plant.

Origin: Where did Plants Come from? Which organisms did land plants evolve from? How did it all begin? BRAINSTORM Scientists studied ____________ or dead life forms preserved in rock The oldest plant fossils are _____ million years old! Wow! FOSSILS Ask essential question. Ask for student answers. Biologists searched for the answer to this question in FOSSILS. The oldest plant fossil discovered thus far is 400 million years old. These fossils show that even that long ago, plants had made adaptations or changes so that they could live on the land. 400

Where did Plants Come From? ALGAE Land plants & green ________ contain the same kind of chlorophyll. Biologists believe land plants formed from ancient types of __________. Algae is not in the Plant Kingdom – it is a PROTIST. ALGAE Another clue as to the origin of plants came from comparing the chemicals in modern plants. *In particular they looked at the chemical chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is the chemical in plants that is used in Photosynthesis and gives plants their green color. Chemists discovered that the same kind of chlorophyll is found in plants, algae, and even some bacteria. Further study also showed that the genetic material of both algae and present day plants are very similar. **They inferred that plants evolved from ancient day algae. Algae is not classified as a plant. It is classified as a PROTIST. Some argue that that should be changed.

WHAT IS A PLANT? 3 CHARACTERISTICS ________________ = organisms that make their own food. Made of many cells = __________________ _ __________________ _ that have nucleus in cells. Plant cells are surrounded by a _______ _________. (animal cells do NOT have this) MULTICELLULAR AUTOTROPHS CELL WALL EUKARYOTES

IMAGINE: YOU ARE AN ALGAE In order to survive you need water, nutrients, sunlight and a way to reproduce. You get both __________ and ___________ from the ocean, lake, pond, creek that you are floating in. Your body is small so you are able to transport water and nutrients easily throughout your body. How do you stay in contact with the sun? You __________. Reproduction? How does the sperm travel to the egg? It swims in the ________. WATER NUTRIENTS FLOAT WATER

What Adaptations would you need to Move onto the Land?  1. a way to obtain ________ and _____________ from their surroundings 1. Land Plants obtain both of these from the ___________.  2. a way to RETAIN (keep) ____________ 1. The CUTICLE is a waxy , _____________ ____layer that helps prevent water loss.  3. a way to _____________________ materials through out their bodies 3. Vascular tissue is a system of ______________ structures inside a plant that move water, nutrients, minerals and food through the plant.  4. a way to ______________ or (hold up) their bodies 4. Larger plants have rigid cell ____________ and ____________ tissue to strengthen and support the body of the plant. 5. A way to ___________________ or create new plants. All plants undergo sexual reproduction. 5. A fertilized egg cell is called a ___________________. water nutrients soil waterproof water tubelike transport support Cell walls vascular reproduce zygote

Two Kinds: NONVASCULAR PLANTS Click me Click me Click me 1.Lack a well developed system of ________ for transporting water and other materials. 2. They are low __________ and do not have _______ for absorbing water from the ground. 3. Most live in damp, ______ places. 4. Most have only thin cell ___________. So, they are unable to grow very tall. TUBES GROWING ROOTS 2. They are low growing and do not have roots. They absorb water from the ground. And get nutrients directly from their surroundings. Since their bodies are so small they don’t have to worry about having tubes to transport water or nutrients. Their cells simply pass nutrients and water from one cell to the next. This also means that it takes longer for nutrients to reach each cell. Therefore they live in damp, shady places to prevent the plants from drying out. Thin cell walls don’t provide a lot of support. This limits the plants ability to grow very tall. It wouldn’t be able to hold up its structure. SHADY WALLS next

Mosses back

Liverwort back

Hornwort back

Vascular Plants 1. Better suited to life in _________ areas. 2. Vascular tissue provides __________, __________, and _____________ to a plant.   3. Thus, vascular plants are able to grow quite ___________. DRY SUPPORT STRENGTH STABILITY TALL

Plant Life Cycle Stage 1: Sporophyte (SPOH ruh fyt) Stage Production of SPORES tiny cells that grow into new organisms Stage 2: Gametophyte (guh MEE tuh fyt) Stage Plant produces two kinds of cells: sperm & egg Stage 3: Sperm and Egg Cells Join and become a ZYGOTE or fertilized egg. ZYGOTE develops into a Sporophyte & the process begins all over again.

Non-Vascular Life Cycle ZYGOTE

NON-VASCULAR PLANT LIFE CYCLE

Non-Vascular Plant Life cycle Contains spores sporophyte gametophyte Rhizoids