Guided Reading- Ch. 1-Lessons 1, 4, & 5

Lesson 1 Thinking Like a Historian 1. A historian studies the past in order to understand it better. 2. Looking at the past can help you understand the people and events of Texas today. It can help you become a better citizen and make informed decisions when participating in public life.

3. An era is a period of time noted for its events, people, or other characteristics. 4. A century is a period of 100 years and a decade is a period of 10 years.

Tools of History 1. Relative Chronology and Absolute Chronology: Alike: They both tell when an event happened. Different: Relative chronology tells when something happened in relation to another event. Absolute chronology gives an exact date.

2. Time Line and Diagram: Alike: They both show information in a visual way. Different: A time line shows the order of events and a diagram shows the parts of something or how something works.

3. Bar Graph and Circle Graph: Alike: Both show numbers visually. Different: A bar graph compares different items or groups in a vertical or horizontal display. A circle graph shows how the whole of something is divided into parts.

4. Line Graph and Bar Graph Alike: Both show numbers visually. Different: A line graph shows a continuous line of data. A bar graph compares items at different points in time.

Analyzing Sources Primary Sources: an original record or object created at the time of an event Possible answers: journal, speech, painting, photograph, autobiography, interview, poems, novels, blogs

Secondary Sources: a document created after the event about which it reports, by people who were not present at the time Possible answers: biography, encyclopedia article, book or article based on research, database

Everyone interprets events from a particular point of view Everyone interprets events from a particular point of view. Understanding the era in which a person lived will help to provide context for the person’s actions and beliefs. An individual’s background also shapes the person’s attitudes and point of view. Examining multiple sources will give you a more complete picture of history.

Lesson 4 Culture A way of life in which people share similar beliefs and customs is a culture. A culture can be studies by observing the languages its people speak, their religious beliefs, and the smaller groups that are part of the society. People who share a common language, history, or place of origin are part of an ethnic group. In Texas, people are proud of their cultural diversity. Texas culture is influenced by the traditions of Native Americans and Spanish settlers.

People who share a culture share the same language People who share a culture share the same language. This makes communication easier. They may also practice the same religion. Many different religions are practiced in Texas. Religious freedom/tolerance is part of the culture in Texas.

Many social customs, such as weddings and holiday celebrations, are similar within a culture. A culture may have a specific style of art or music. People in the culture may have similar interests in leisure activities. High school football games are popular traditions in Texas culture. Cultural change can come from the movement of people, called migration. Trade with other groups can also cause cultural change. The actions of individuals and groups of people can cause cultural change.

1. Science is the study of living and nonliving things. 2. Technology is the way people use tools and machines to experience or change the world around them.

3. The native peoples had never seen the weapons the Spanish brought 3. The native peoples had never seen the weapons the Spanish brought. The native peoples were easily overpowered by the Spanish. 4. The development of the integrated circuit made innovations such as desktop computers and portable cell phones possible. Those types of advances have changed how people live, work, and communicate.

Lesson 5 Essential Questions: How do we learn about the past? 1. Sequence—h. the order in which events happen 2. Categorize—e. group things based on characteristics 3. Cause and Effect----g. an action and the result of that action

4. Compare and Contrast-----a 4. Compare and Contrast-----a. tell how ideas or things are alike and how they are different 5. Main Idea----i. the central focus of the text 6. Summarize---d. restate a large amount of information in a few words

7. Generalization----c. a statement that is usually true, based on the facts available. 8. Predict---b. state what you think will happen based on what you know 9. Infer---f. understand ideas that are not stated directly in the text

Communication Skills 1. Good communication skills allow you to share your ideas effectively. 2. Make the report clear and organized. Be factual and unbiased. Be logical. Provide sources. Do your own work.

3. Take careful notes. Will help you to remember important information while doing research 4. A written report is more formal than an oral report. This is because a written report can contain numerous detailed facts and complicated passages can be read multiple times. An oral report allows the speaker to use facial expressions and tone of voice.

5. An introduction tells what the report is about 5. An introduction tells what the report is about. It explains how the report is organized. This makes it easier for the reader or listener to understand. 6. Citations are sources used for research that are listed in a structured way. They are important because they tell where the writer got the information used in the report. Citations can help readers determine how reliable the sources are or whether they are biased or outdated.

Problem Solving and Decision Making Solving a Problem: Identify the problem. Gather information about the problem.

List options for solving the problem. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Choose and implement a solution. Evaluate the effectiveness of the solution.

Making a Decision: Identify the decision to be made. Identify your options. Gather information. Predict the consequences of each option. Make a decision and take action.