1. Texas History
Chapter 1.1:
Studying History

2. I. Studying History Historian:
study’s the lives of people in different times and places
collect evidence to interpret events
Asks questions, finds and analyzes sources and draws conclusions based on evidence.

3. Key Historical Terms:
primary source = firsthand information about people or events
ex. diaries, letters, eyewitness, laws, court decisions, speeches, autobiographies
secondary source = account provided after the fact by people who did not directly witness or participate in the event
ex. textbooks, encyclopedias, articles, books, biographies
authenticity = is the source / artifact authentic (real / true)?
ex. false story, forged documents

4. artifact = objects made by humans
ex. stone tools, weapons, baskets, carvings
archeology = study of evidence left by early people in order to find out about their way of life (culture)
chronology (chronologic) = the order events take place
ex. timeline, placing events in order

6. Other key terms
Take these notes on the back of your sheet…

7. Cultural
customs, and social behavior of a society

8. Society
an organized group of persons associated together for religious, cultural, scientific, political, patriotic, or other purposes.

9. Economic
the science that deals with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, or the material welfare of humankind.

10. Political
Dealing with government or public affairs

11. Demographic
statistic of a human population, as the  number of births or deaths.

12. Using Graphs, Charts, & Tables
Texas History
Chapter 1.1:
Using Graphs, Charts, & Tables

13. Houston: million
Dallas: 1.18 million
San Antonio: million
Austin: million

14. Four Largest Texas Cities, 2000

15. Why are we studying this?
Lists of names, facts, and statistics are often clearest when presented visually. Understanding charts and graphs is an essential skill.

16. Statistics—information in the form of numbers
Using Graphs
Statistics—information in the form of numbers
Houston: million
Dallas: 1.18 million
San Antonio: million
Austin: million

17. Using Graphs
Bar graph—uses bars of different lengths to represent numbers or percentages for comparing information about different places or time periods

18. Using Graphs
Horizontal Axis—the line across the bottom of the graph
Vertical Axis—is the line along the side

19. Using Graphs
Vertical Axis
Horizontal Axis

20. Using Graphs
Line Graph—graph that indicates a trend or pattern over time, such as whether something is increasing, decreasing, or staying the same

21. Pie chart—chart showing how parts of a whole are divided
Using Charts & Tables
Pie chart—chart showing how parts of a whole are divided

22. Tables help organize and categorize information
Using Charts & Tables
County
Pop. +
Harris
20.7%
Dallas
19.8%
Bexar
17.5%
Tarrant
23.6%
Travis
40.9%
Collin
86.2%
Tables help organize and categorize information
Population Growth

23. Timeline—chart showing a sequence of events
Using Charts & Tables
Timeline—chart showing a sequence of events

24. Using Charts & Graphs
Flow Chart—Chart using boxes, arrows, or images to show a series of activities or steps
Causation Chart—Chart that uses pictures, diagrams or arrows to show causes and effects of events

25. Item
Usefulness or purpose
Bar Graph
Line Graph
Pie Chart
Table
Time Line
Flow Chart
Causation Chart

26. Item Usefulness or purpose Bar Graph Line Graph Pie Chart Table
to compare data about different places or time periods
Line Graph
to show a trend or pattern
Pie Chart
to show how the parts of a whole are divided
Table
to organize and categorize descriptive and/or statistical information
Time Line
to show the sequence of a series of events
Flow Chart
to show steps or a series of activities
Causation Chart
To show the cause and effect of an event or situation

27. Primary & Secondary Sourcess
Texas History
Chapter 1.1:
Primary & Secondary Sourcess

28. Primary Sources and Secondary Sources
Which one is better to use for research?

29. What is a Primary Source?

30. Primary sources are informational sources from the time of the event.

31. Examples of primary sources:
Autobiographies Newspaper articles
Diaries Novels
Documents Objects from the time
Eyewitness accounts Oral histories
Film footage Photographs
Laws Poems, art, music
Letters Speeches

32. What’s a secondary source?
Secondary sources are informational sources that analyze the event. These sources often use several primary sources and compile the information.

33. Secondary Sources are found in:
Biographies
Encyclopedias
History books
Textbooks

34. Ask Important Questions
When studying and learning, we must always be questioning the quality of our sources.
Who wrote this?
How do they know the information they are telling me?
When did they write it?
Why did they write it?
Who did they write it for?

35. Author’s Bias
We should never believe everything we read; you should question everything.
It is nearly impossible for an author to leave out some sort of bias, and it is your responsibility to determine their bias and to reflect on how it affected their work.

36. Things to Consider
For every source you use, you will need to evaluate it in order to determine which category they fit into - primary or secondary - and how much you can trust those materials.

37. So which source should I use?
Both primary sources and secondary sources of information are important
Use as many authentic primary sources as possible
Go to reliable secondary sources as needed and make sure to evaluate these sources for accuracy

38. Side by Side Comparison
Primary: Secondary:
Personal experience Others experiences
Eyewitness account Interpreted
Historical evidence Based on evidence
One sided Author’s biases
Historical biases Current biases
Original document Copy of original
First hand experience Second hand account