Causes of WWI “The War to End All Wars” All Quiet On the Western Front: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SXtsiqrhqsU

Militarism Militarism What is militarism:  belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests. What is militarism: http://www.newprofile.org/english/node/215 Militarism

Nationalism Nationalism a feeling that people have of being loyal to and proud of their country often with the belief that it is better and more important than other countries What is Nationalism “Improving Morale” by Brigadier General E.L. Spears What is the purpose of discipline? Why was the victim in the story willing to die? Nationalism

Militarism or Nationalism? Why? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSPj_G2yVz4

Alliances 1879 The Dual Alliance Germany and Austria-Hungary made an alliance to protect themselves from Russia 1881 Austro-Serbian Alliance Austria-Hungary made an alliance with Serbia to stop Russia gaining control of Serbia 1882 The Triple Alliance  Germany and Austria- Hungary made an alliance with Italy to stop Italy from taking sides with Russia 1914 Triple Entente (no separate peace) Britain, Russia and France agreed not to sign for peaceseparately. 1894 Franco-Russian Alliance  Russia formed an alliance with France to protect herself against Germany and Austria-Hungary 1907 Triple Entente  This was made between Russia, France and Britain to counter the increasing threat from Germany. 1907 Anglo-Russian Entente This was an agreement between Britain and Russia 1904 Entente Cordiale This was an agreement, but not a formal alliance, between France and Britain.

Imperialism By 1900 the British Empire extended over five continents France had control of large areas of Africa. Industrialism caused countries to need new markets When a country controlled a market they would control who could trade there and how much goods cost All of this increased tensions

Colonial Rivalries: Africa in 1914

Colonial Rivalries: Asia in 1914

The British Empire in 1914 The British Empire covered 20% of the globe and included almost 25% of the world’s population.

1870 Ambitions in the Balkans Controlled by the Muslim Ottoman Empire 1870 Greece and Rumania (Romania) were able to rebel 1875 Serbia, Bosnia, and Bulgaria also wanted freedom Russia supported this For support of the good of other Slavic peoples. To free them from oppressive and corrupt leaders AND For their own ambitions to gain a warm water port on the Mediterranean Austria-Hungary Empire distrusted Russia and wanted their own influence over the region Britain and France wanted the Ottoman Sultan to offer religious tolerance and stop the abuses in the region. They also didn’t want either Russia or AHE gaining more land and power. 1870 Ambitions in the Balkans

The Balkans in 1878

Treaty of Berlin 1878 and After Video Serbia would become independent Bulgaria – state under Ottoman Empire Bosnia- state under Austria-Hungary Rumania- part of their lands would go to Russia Tensions Created Balkan people did not get anything, they were again divided amongst bigger nations 1908 Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia angering Serbia who supported independence Russia supported Serbia Treaty of Berlin 1878 and After Video

The Balkan Wars: 1912-1913

Liberalism in the 19th Century Liberalism: National self-betterment; the perfectibility of Man; natural rules of conduct that all men can understand and follow Justified: Imperial Conquest “Civilization” of native populations War as a legitimate form of foreign policy Why would liberalism justify the above items? Liberalism in the 19th Century

War in the 19th Century Localized Spanned mere weeks Fought to preserve the balance of power in the region (status quo) If this were true of war, war would serve both national and international good when fought properly (with ideas based in liberalism) War in the 19th Century

Europe in 1914

However, as we have already argued, the balance of power of 1914 differed greatly from the balance of power of 1870. The balance that immediately preceded World War I was a balance of two armed camps--Great Britain, France, and Russia on one side and Germany, Austria-Hungary, and (nominally) Italy on the other side. These permanent partnerships locked policymakers into "blank- checks" of support for their allies in the name of preserving the precarious balance of power. This, in turn, permitted weak nations to act irresponsibly, with the certainty that they would be defended by their more powerful partners. This moral hazard problem explains the Balkan crises of 1874-1913. Combine the belligerent and arrogance of the smaller states with a philosophy of conduct that accepted war and the periphery could easily drag the center into war.

Video Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kAHDf_Ux6M Video

FRQ Essay Outline Thesis Topic Sentence 1 Fact Topic Sentence 2