Enzymes How do you make cake? What ingredients? What process is required?

Vocabulary/Bell Work: Day/Date: September 13, 2016 Objective: Students will begin learning about enzymes and their functions Prefixes/Suffixes: -ase – suffix used in the names or functions of enzymes (lactase, amylase, transferase, reductase) -ose – suffix used in the names of carbohydrates, especially sugars (lactose, glucose, sucrose, dextrose) Vocabulary/Bell Work: Chemical reaction Reactants Products Activation Energy Catalysts Enzymes Substrates Assignment: Get a textbook to find vocabulary word definitions

Chemical Reactions & Enzymes - Means to write that information down.

Chemical Reactions and Enzymes As we have seen, living things are made of chemical compounds (Biomolecules), but more importantly chemistry isn’t just what life is made of, chemistry is also what life does.

Chemical Reactions Chemical reaction – Change of substances into different ones by breaking and forming of chemical bonds. The chemicals that start a chemical reaction are the reactants. The chemicals produced by a chemical reaction are called products.

Energy in Reactions Activation energy is the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed to start a chemical reaction.

Two paths will take you to the same end location Two paths will take you to the same end location. Which one will take less energy to get there and will happen faster?

Catalysts are substances that speed up chemical reactions. decrease activation energy increase reaction rate

Enzymes Enzymes are special proteins in living organisms that work as catalysts. Enzymes function best in a small range of conditions. Changes in temperature or pH (acidity) can damage (denature) enzyme structure. An enzyme’s function depends on its structure.

An enzyme’s structure allows only certain reactants to bind to the enzyme. Substrates (reactants) Active site (location of reaction on enzyme) substrates (reactants) enzyme Substrates bind to an enzyme at certain places called active sites. Substrate binds to the active site on the enzyme. AKA “lock and key”

Substrates bind to an enzyme at certain places called active sites. The enzyme brings substrates together and weakens their bonds. The catalyzed reaction forms a product that is released from the enzyme.

Enzymes Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. Enzymes are very specific, catalyzing only one chemical reaction. Lock and Key concept One Enzyme can catalyze or speed up multiple reactions Enzymes are recyclable

Enzyme Videos Enzymes – A fun introduction Activation Energy - Snowman Short & basic enzyme animation How Enzymes Work Digestive Enzyme Basics Enzyme Function

(Mouth-1, Stomach-1, Pancreas-3, Small Intestine-4) In your notes, list the major enzymes found within our digestive system. Use page 934. (Mouth-1, Stomach-1, Pancreas-3, Small Intestine-4) Name of Enzyme: Where Found: Function: Salivary Amylase Mouth Break down starches Pepsin Stomach Break down proteins Amylase Pancreas Continue breaking down starch Trypsin Continues breaking down protein Lipase Breaks down fat Maltase Small Intestine Disaccharides into monosaccharides Sucrase Lactase Peptidase Dipeptides into Amino Acids Name of Enzyme: Where Found: Function:

Amoeba Sisters - Enzymes Enzymes: The Proteins that Remind us of Pac-Man Complete your worksheet when you see the answer!