Biopsychology The Divisions of the Nervous System

The structure and function of sensory, relay and motor neurons The divisions of the nervous system. Central and peripheral (somatic and autonomic) The structure and function of sensory, relay and motor neurons The process of synaptic transmission, including reference to neurotransmitters, excitation and inhibition The function of the endocrine system; glands and hormones The fight or flight response including the role of adrenaline

Starter - can you identify the structure in the picture?

Objectives To be able to describe the divisions of the nervous system. To be able to define key terminology in relation to the divisions of the nervous system. To be able to distinguish between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

Key Terms Nervous system Central nervous system Spinal cord Brain Peripheral nervous system Somatic nervous system Autonomic nervous system Neuron Sensory neurons Motor neurons Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system

The Nervous system Made up of billions of neurons A neuron is a cell that makes up the nervous system They conduct electrical impulses

The Nervous system The nervous system is divided into the central and peripheral nervous system. The CNS is divided into the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of the somatic and autonomic nervous system.

The Brain http://www.brainexplorer.org/global/brain-atlas/spinal-cord

The Spinal cord Receives and transmits information to and from the brain.

1. Part of the nervous system that transmits information to and from the central nervous system. 2. Provides the biological basis of psychological experience and is made up of billions of nerve cells. The nervous system 3. Part of the central nervous system that receives and transmits information to and from the brain. peripheral Spinal cord 6 4. Part of the central nervous system that maintain life, involved in higher functions and psychological processes. The Brain 5. There are thought to be 100 billion of these in the brain. They receive and transmit information in the nervous system. The CNS Neurons

The Peripheral nervous system Consists of 31 spinal nerves carrying sensory and motor information The Somatic nervous system – Concerned with voluntary control and consists of - sensory and motor neurons. Sensory – information from the senses to the CNS Motor – Brain to the skeletal muscles for motor activity. The Autonomic nervous system is involved in involuntary actions and is further divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic NS.

The Autonomic Nervous System Divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system Concerned with the regulation of our internal environment. Transmits information to and from internal organs. Contains only motor neurone Involuntary

1. This is part of the autonomic nervous system that increases bodily arousal. It is activated in the presence of a perceived stressor. 2. This is part of the autonomic nervous system that decreases and maintains physiological arousal and bodily activities. Sympathetic 3. The is part of the peripheral nervous system that transmits information from and to our internal organs to sustain life. It is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Parasympathetic 4. This is part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory and motor signals to the CNS. Autonomic Somatic 5. These are neurons found in the somatic nervous system. They transmit information from the senses and transmit this to the CNS. Also known as Afferent neurons 6. These are neurons found in the somatic and autonomic nervous system. They carry information from the CNS to organs, glands and muscles. motor sensory

Draw the nervous system filling in information as you go along

Question Outline the organisation of the autonomic nervous system (4)

Possible answer The autonomic nervous system is organised into the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system (1). The sympathetic nervous system is involved in bodily arousal and is stimulated when we face a stressor (1) This causes the heart rate to increase and releases stored energy. This response is known as fight or flight(1). The parasympathetic nervous system is activated when the stressor has passed and restores the body to a resting state, known as rest and digest. (1)

Homework – draw an outline of a body or get a pic from the internet. Write or draw on this body what happens when the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated

Starter Cut out sort and stick.

Structure of a Neuron – Sensory, motor and relay neurons

Sensory, relay and motor neurons Sensory neurons – carry information from the body’s sensory receptors to the CNS. They are part of the somatic nervous system Motor neurons – allow the brain to control movement and responses of the internal system are called motor neurons. They carry information from the CNS to muscles and internal organs. These are connected by relay neurons that are found in the CNS. They transmit information within the CNS and link between sensory (afferent) and motor (efferent) neurons.

Questions Groups of three – big paper and big writing please Draw a diagram showing the divisions of the nervous system (4) Identify the following neurons A) a neuron that receives information from the outside world and transmits this information to the CNS. B) a neuron that is found in the CNS and carries information from one part of the CNS to another. You are walking along the road and go to cross and immediately notice a bus coming towards you. You immediately step back and take a few deep breaths. Outline the physiological changes that occur when you see the bus and when you step back to safety. (4) What is the function of a relay neuron (2)

Answers See board A=Sensory B= Relay

When you see the bus coming towards you your sympathetic nervous system is aroused. This leads to the adrenal glands releasing adrenaline. This hormone increases our heart rate and blood pressure, inhibits digestions and promotes the release of stored energy. Essentially this is the stress response and is getting us ready for fight or flight. When we step back and realise we are safe our parasympathetic nervous system is stimulated and this returns our body back to a state of physiological norm. This is also known as rest and digest

A relay neuron is a nerve cell found in the central nervous system A relay neuron is a nerve cell found in the central nervous system. Their function is to transmits information from one part of the CNS to another part of the CNS. It links sensory and motor neurons of the somatic nervous system.

starter What is happening between these two structures?